Genesis 34:14 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: We, that · What happens: say, not do, give, be · To what, where: thing, sister, one, reproach · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 34:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — We, that — and what happens in the verse to thing, sister, one, reproach, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לֹ֤א נוּכַל֙ לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לָתֵת֙ אֶת־אֲחֹתֵ֔נוּ לְאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ עָרְלָ֑ה כִּֽי־חֶרְפָּ֥ה הִ֖וא לָֽנוּ׃

and said unto them: 'We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	cc	and
2	יֹּאמְר֣וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they said
3	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	4 הֶ֗ם	case	to
4	הֶ֗ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	obl	them
5	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	6 נוּכַל֙	advmod	not
6	נוּכַל֙	יָכֹל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	ccomp	we are able
7	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	8 עֲשׂוֹת֙	case	to
8	עֲשׂוֹת֙	עָשָׂה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	6 נוּכַל֙	xcomp	do
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 דָּבָ֣ר	det	the
10	דָּבָ֣ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 עֲשׂוֹת֙	obj	thing
11	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 זֶּ֔ה	det	(the)
12	זֶּ֔ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 דָּבָ֣ר	det	this
13	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	14 תֵת֙	case	to
14	תֵת֙	נָתַן	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	6 נוּכַל֙	xcomp	give
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 אֲחֹת	case	(et)
16	אֲחֹת	אָחוֹת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	14 תֵת֙	obj	sister
17	ֵ֔נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 אֲחֹת	nmod:poss	our
18	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	19 אִ֖ישׁ	case	to
19	אִ֖ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 תֵת֙	obl	a man
20	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	22 ֣וֹ	mark	whom
21	ל	לְ	ADP	_	22 ֣וֹ	case	[belongs] to
22	֣וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 אִ֖ישׁ	acl:relcl	him
23	עָרְלָ֑ה	עׇרְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	22 ֣וֹ	nsubj	a foreskin
24	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	25 חֶרְפָּ֥ה	mark	(dm)
25	חֶרְפָּ֥ה	חֶרְפָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 נוּכַל֙	advcl	[is] a reproach
26	הִ֖וא	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 חֶרְפָּ֥ה	nsubj	it
27	ל	לְ	ADP	_	28 ָֽנוּ	case	to
28	ָֽנוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	25 חֶרְפָּ֥ה	obl	us
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 ָֽנוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal
not נוּכַל we are able	yiqtol · qal
עֲשׂוֹת do	infinitive construct · qal	דָּבָר thing
תֵת give	infinitive construct · qal	אֲחֹת sister

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמָרוּ לְהוֹן לָא נִכּוּל לְמֶעְבַּד פִּתְגָּמָא הָדֵין לְמִתַּן יָת אֲחָתָנָא לִגְבַר דִּי לֵיהּ עָרְלְתָא אֲרֵי חִסּוּדָא הִיא לָנָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

and said unto them: 'We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:994.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.34.14/