Genesis 37:28 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Midianites, brethren · What happens: pass by, draw, lift up, sell, bring · To what, where: Joseph, pit, Ishmaelites, Egypt

This is Genesis 37:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Midianites, brethren — and what happens in the verse to Joseph, pit, Ishmaelites, Egypt, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים מִדְיָנִ֜ים סֹֽחֲרִ֗ים וַֽיִּמְשְׁכוּ֙ וַיַּֽעֲל֤וּ אֶת־יוֹסֵף֙ מִן־הַבּ֔וֹר וַיִּמְכְּר֧וּ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֛ף לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים כָּ֑סֶף וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֖ף מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃

And there passed by Midianites, merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty shekels of silver. And they brought Joseph into Egypt.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּֽעַבְרוּ֩	cc	and
2	יַּֽעַבְרוּ֩	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they passed by
3	אֲנָשִׁ֨ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יַּֽעַבְרוּ֩	nsubj	men
4	מִדְיָנִ֜ים	מִדְיָנִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 אֲנָשִׁ֨ים	appos	Midianite[s]
5	סֹֽחֲרִ֗ים	סָחַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	3 אֲנָשִׁ֨ים	appos	traders
6	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יִּמְשְׁכוּ֙	cc	and
7	יִּמְשְׁכוּ֙	מָשַׁךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּֽעַבְרוּ֩	conj	they drew
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יַּֽעֲל֤וּ	cc	and
9	יַּֽעֲל֤וּ	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּֽעַבְרוּ֩	conj	they brought up
10	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 יוֹסֵף֙	case	(et)
11	יוֹסֵף֙	יוֹסֵף	PROPN	_	9 יַּֽעֲל֤וּ	obj	Joseph
12	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	14 בּ֔וֹר	case	from
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 בּ֔וֹר	det	the
14	בּ֔וֹר	בּוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יַּֽעֲל֤וּ	obl	pit
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יִּמְכְּר֧וּ	cc	and
16	יִּמְכְּר֧וּ	מָכַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּֽעַבְרוּ֩	conj	they sold
17	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 יוֹסֵ֛ף	case	(et)
18	יוֹסֵ֛ף	יוֹסֵף	PROPN	_	16 יִּמְכְּר֧וּ	obj	Joseph
19	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	21 יִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים	case	to
20	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 יִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים	det	the
21	יִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים	יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 יִּמְכְּר֧וּ	obl	Ishmaelites
22	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 כָּ֑סֶף	case	for
23	עֶשְׂרִ֣ים	עֶשְׂרִים	NUM	Number=Plur	24 כָּ֑סֶף	nummod	twenty
24	כָּ֑סֶף	כֶּסֶף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יִּמְכְּר֧וּ	obl	silver
25	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 יָּבִ֥יאוּ	cc	and
26	יָּבִ֥יאוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּֽעַבְרוּ֩	conj	they brought
27	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	28 יוֹסֵ֖ף	case	(et)
28	יוֹסֵ֖ף	יוֹסֵף	PROPN	_	26 יָּבִ֥יאוּ	obj	Joseph
29	מִצְרָֽיְמ	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	26 יָּבִ֥יאוּ	obl	to
30	ָה	ה	X	_	29 מִצְרָֽיְמ	nmod	Egypt
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 ָה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּֽעַבְרוּ they passed by	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
סֹֽחֲרִים traders	participle active · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
יִּמְשְׁכוּ they drew	wayyiqtol · qal		יוֹסֵף Joseph
יַּֽעֲלוּ they brought up	wayyiqtol · hiphil	יוֹסֵף Joseph
יִּמְכְּרוּ they sold	wayyiqtol · qal		יוֹסֵף Joseph
יָּבִיאוּ they brought	wayyiqtol · hiphil	יוֹסֵף Joseph

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַעֲבָרוּ גַבְרֵי מִדְיָנָאֵי תַּגָּרֵי וּנְגִידוּ וְאַסִּיקוּ יָת יוֹסֵף מִן גֻּבָּא וְזַבִּינוּ יָת יוֹסֵף לַעֲרָבָאֵי בְּעֶסְרִין כְּסָף וְאַיְתִיוּ יָת יוֹסֵף לְמִצְרָיִם

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1111.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.28/