Genesis 4:15 בְּרֵאשִׁית
Who acts: LORD, whosoever, any · What happens: say, slay, take, set, find, smite · To what, where: Cain, vengeance, sign · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Genesis 4:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, whosoever, any — and what happens in the verse to Cain, vengeance, sign, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יְהוָ֗ה לָכֵן֙ כָּל־הֹרֵ֣ג קַ֔יִן שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם וַיָּ֨שֶׂם יְהוָ֤ה לְקַ֙יִן֙ א֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּ֥י הַכּוֹת־אֹת֖וֹ כָּל־מֹצְאֽוֹ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר | cc | and |
| 2 | יֹּ֧אמֶר | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he said |
| 3 | ל | לְ | ADP | _ | 4 ֣וֹ | case | to |
| 4 | ֣וֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר | obl | him |
| 5 | יְהוָ֗ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר | nsubj | Yahweh |
| 6 | לָ | לָכֵן | ADP | _ | 7 כֵן֙ | case | therefore |
| 7 | כֵן֙ | כֵּן | ADV | _ | 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר | conj | |
| 8 | כָּל־ | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 12 יֻקָּ֑ם | nsubj | any |
| 9 | הֹרֵ֣ג | הָרַג | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 8 כָּל־ | compound:smixut | [one who] kills |
| 10 | קַ֔יִן | קַיִן | PROPN | _ | 9 הֹרֵ֣ג | compound:smixut | Cain |
| 11 | שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם | שֶׁבַע | NUM | Gender=Fem Number=Dual | 12 יֻקָּ֑ם | advmod | sevenfold |
| 12 | יֻקָּ֑ם | נָקַם | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר | ccomp | he will be avenged |
| 13 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 14 יָּ֨שֶׂם | cc | and |
| 14 | יָּ֨שֶׂם | שׂים | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר | conj | he appointed |
| 15 | יְהוָ֤ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 14 יָּ֨שֶׂם | nsubj | Yahweh |
| 16 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 17 קַ֙יִן֙ | case | for |
| 17 | קַ֙יִן֙ | קַיִן | PROPN | _ | 14 יָּ֨שֶׂם | obl | Cain |
| 18 | א֔וֹת | אוֹת | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 יָּ֨שֶׂם | obj | a sign |
| 19 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 21 הַכּוֹת־ | case | to |
| 20 | בִלְתִּ֥י | בֵּלֶת | ADP | _ | 21 הַכּוֹת־ | advmod | not |
| 21 | הַכּוֹת־ | נָכָה | VERB | HebBinyan=HIPHIL | 14 יָּ֨שֶׂם | advcl | to strike |
| 22 | אֹת | אֵת | ADP | _ | 23 ֖וֹ | case | |
| 23 | ֖וֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 הַכּוֹת־ | obj | him |
| 24 | כָּל־ | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 21 הַכּוֹת־ | nsubj | any |
| 25 | מֹצְא | מָצָא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 24 כָּל־ | compound:smixut | [one |
| 26 | ֽוֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 מֹצְא | nmod:poss | who] found him |
| 27 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 26 ֽוֹ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- no
- the frame alone
- decl · narrate · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יֹּאמֶר he said | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה Yahweh | |||
| יֻקָּם he will be avenged | yiqtol · hophal | הֹרֵג [one who] kills | |||
| יָּשֶׂם he appointed | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה Yahweh | אוֹת a sign | ||
| הַכּוֹת־ to strike | infinitive construct · hiphil | וֹ him | מֹצְא [one |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲמַר לֵהּ יְיָ בְּכֵן כָּלּ קָטִיל קַיִן לְשַׁבְעָא דָּרִין יִתְפְּרַע מִנֵּהּ וְשַׁוִּי יְיָ לְקַיִן אָתָא בְּדִיל דְּלָא לְמִקְטַל יָתֵהּ כָּל דִיִשְׁכְּחֻנֵהּ
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:94.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.15/