Genesis 42:22 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Reuben, I, ye · What happens: answer, say, not speak, not sin, not hear, require · To what, where: words, blood · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 42:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Reuben, I, ye — and what happens in the verse to words, blood, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּעַן֩ רְאוּבֵ֨ן אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲלוֹא֩ אָמַ֨רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֧ם ׀ לֵאמֹ֛ר אַל־תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ בַיֶּ֖לֶד וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וְגַם־דָּמ֖וֹ הִנֵּ֥ה נִדְרָֽשׁ׃

And Reuben answered them, saying: 'Spoke I not unto you, saying: Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore also, behold, his blood is required.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּעַן֩	cc	and
2	יַּעַן֩	עָנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he answered
3	רְאוּבֵ֨ן	רְאוּבֵן	PROPN	_	2 יַּעַן֩	nsubj	Reuben
4	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	5 ָ֜ם	case
5	ָ֜ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יַּעַן֩	obj	them
6	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	10 אָמַ֨רְתִּי	mark	(cmp)
7	אמֹ֗ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	6 לֵ	fixed
8	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	10 אָמַ֨רְתִּי	advmod	?
9	לוֹא֩	לֹא	ADV	_	10 אָמַ֨רְתִּי	advmod	not
10	אָמַ֨רְתִּי	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 יַּעַן֩	ccomp	did I say
11	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	12 כֶ֧ם	case	to
12	כֶ֧ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 אָמַ֨רְתִּי	obl	you
13	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	12 כֶ֧ם	punct
14	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	17 תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ	mark	(cmp)
15	אמֹ֛ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	14 לֵ	fixed
16	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	17 תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ	advmod	do not
17	תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ	חָטָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	10 אָמַ֨רְתִּי	ccomp	sin
18	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 יֶּ֖לֶד	case	against
19	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 יֶּ֖לֶד	det	the
20	יֶּ֖לֶד	יֶלֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ	obl	boy
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם	cc	and
22	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	23 שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם	advmod	not
23	שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	10 אָמַ֨רְתִּי	conj	you listened
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 הִנֵּ֥ה	cc	and
25	גַם־	גַּם	ADV	_	26 דָּמ	advmod	also
26	דָּמ	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	29 נִדְרָֽשׁ	nsubj	blood
27	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 דָּמ	nmod:poss	his
28	הִנֵּ֥ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	10 אָמַ֨רְתִּי	conj	here!
29	נִדְרָֽשׁ	דָּרַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	10 אָמַ֨רְתִּי	parataxis	[is] required
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 נִדְרָֽשׁ	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּעַן he answered	wayyiqtol · qal	רְאוּבֵן Reuben	ָם them
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	רְאוּבֵן Reuben
not אָמַרְתִּי did I say	qatal · qal	רְאוּבֵן Reuben
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	רְאוּבֵן Reuben	תֶּחֶטְאוּ sin
not תֶּחֶטְאוּ sin	jussive · qal
not שְׁמַעְתֶּם you listened	qatal · qal
נִדְרָֽשׁ [is] required	participle active · niphal		דָּמ blood

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲתֵיב רְאוּבֵן יָתְהוֹן לְמֵימָר הֲלָא אֲמָרִית לְוָתְכוֹן לְמֵימַר לָא תְחוֹבוּן בְּעוּלֵימָא וְלָא קַבֶּלְתּוּן וְאַף דְּמֵהּ הָא מִתְבְּעֵי

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Reuben answered them, saying: 'Spoke I not unto you, saying: Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore also, behold, his blood is required.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1274.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.22/