Genesis 42:7 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Joseph, ye, brethren · What happens: see, know, make, speak, say, come · To what, where: brethren, Joseph, land, food · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 42:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joseph, ye, brethren — and what happens in the verse to brethren, Joseph, land, food, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּ֥רְא יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־אֶחָ֖יו וַיַּכִּרֵ֑ם וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר אִתָּ֣ם קָשׁ֗וֹת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֵאַ֣יִן בָּאתֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן לִשְׁבָּר־אֹֽכֶל׃

And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spoke roughly with them; and he said unto them: 'Whence come ye?' And they said: 'From the land of Canaan to buy food.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּ֥רְא	cc	and
2	יַּ֥רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he saw
3	יוֹסֵ֛ף	יוֹסֵף	PROPN	_	2 יַּ֥רְא	nsubj	Joseph
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 אֶחָ֖י	case	(et)
5	אֶחָ֖י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יַּ֥רְא	obj	brothers
6	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 אֶחָ֖י	nmod:poss	his
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יַּכִּר	cc	and
8	יַּכִּר	נָכַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֥רְא	conj	he
9	ֵ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 יַּכִּר	obj	recognized them
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר	cc	and
11	יִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר	נָכַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֥רְא	conj	he acted as a stranger
12	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	13 הֶ֜ם	case	to
13	הֶ֜ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 יִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר	obl	them
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יְדַבֵּ֧ר	cc	and
15	יְדַבֵּ֧ר	דָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֥רְא	conj	he spoke
16	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	17 ָ֣ם	case	with
17	ָ֣ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 יְדַבֵּ֧ר	obl	them
18	קָשׁ֗וֹת	קָשֶׁה	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	15 יְדַבֵּ֧ר	advmod	harsh
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
20	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֥רְא	conj	he said
21	אֲל	אֶל	ADP	_	22 ֵהֶם֙	case	to
22	ֵהֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 יֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	them
23	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	24 אַ֣יִן	case	from
24	אַ֣יִן	אַיִן	ADV	_	25 בָּאתֶ֔ם	obl	where?
25	בָּאתֶ֔ם	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	20 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	have you come
26	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ	cc	and
27	יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּ֥רְא	conj	they said
28	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	29 אֶ֥רֶץ	case	from
29	אֶ֥רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ	ccomp	the land
30	כְּנַ֖עַן	כְּנַעַן	PROPN	_	29 אֶ֥רֶץ	compound:smixut	of Canaan
31	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	32 שְׁבָּר־	case	to
32	שְׁבָּר־	שָׁבַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	29 אֶ֥רֶץ	advcl	buy
33	אֹֽכֶל	אֹכֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 שְׁבָּר־	obj	food
34	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	33 אֹֽכֶל	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹסֵף Joseph	אֶחָי brothers
יַּכִּר he	wayyiqtol · hiphil	ֵם recognized them		יוֹסֵף Joseph
יִּתְנַכֵּר he acted as a stranger	wayyiqtol · hithpael	יוֹסֵף Joseph
יְדַבֵּר he spoke	wayyiqtol · piel	יוֹסֵף Joseph
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹסֵף Joseph
not בָּאתֶם have you come	qatal · qal	אֶחָי brothers
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal	אֶחָי brothers
שְׁבָּר־ buy	infinitive construct · qal	אֶחָי brothers	אֹֽכֶל food

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַחֲזָא יוֹסֵף יָת אֲחוֹהִי וְאִשְׁתְּמוֹדְעִנּוּן וְחַשִּׁיב מָה דְמַלֵּיל לְהוֹן וּמַלִּיל עִמְּהוֹן קַשְׁיָן וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן מְנָן אֲתֵיתוּן וַאֲמָרוּ מֵאַרְעָא דִּכְנַעַן לְמִזְבַּן עִיבוּרָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spoke roughly with them; and he said unto them: 'Whence come ye?' And they said: 'From the land of Canaan to buy food.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1259.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.7/