Genesis 43:8 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Judah, we · What happens: say, send, arise, go, live, not die · To what, where: lad · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 43:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah, we — and what happens in the verse to lad, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל אָבִ֗יו שִׁלְחָ֥ה הַנַּ֛עַר אִתִּ֖י וְנָק֣וּמָה וְנֵלֵ֑כָה וְנִֽחְיֶה֙ וְלֹ֣א נָמ֔וּת גַּם־אֲנַ֥חְנוּ גַם־אַתָּ֖ה גַּם־טַפֵּֽנוּ׃

And Judah said unto Israel his father: 'Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go, that we may live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also our little ones.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	יְהוּדָ֜ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	Judah
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל	case	to
5	יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	Israel
6	אָבִ֗י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל	appos	father
7	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 אָבִ֗י	nmod:poss	his
8	שִׁלְח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	send
9	ָ֥ה	ה	X	_	8 שִׁלְח	nmod
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 נַּ֛עַר	det	the young
11	נַּ֛עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 שִׁלְח	obj	man
12	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	13 ִ֖י	case	with
13	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 שִׁלְח	obl	me
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 נָק֣וּמָה	cc	and
15	נָק֣וּמָה	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	8 שִׁלְח	conj	we will arise
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 נֵלֵ֑כָה	cc	and
17	נֵלֵ֑כָה	הלך	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	15 נָק֣וּמָה	conj	we will go
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 נִֽחְיֶה֙	cc	so
19	נִֽחְיֶה֙	חָיָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	8 שִׁלְח	conj	that we may live
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 נָמ֔וּת	cc	and
21	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	22 נָמ֔וּת	advmod	not
22	נָמ֔וּת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	19 נִֽחְיֶה֙	conj	we will die
23	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	24 אֲנַ֥חְנוּ	advmod	both
24	אֲנַ֥חְנוּ	אֲנַחְנוּ	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 נָמ֔וּת	nsubj	we
25	גַם־	גַּם	ADV	_	26 אַתָּ֖ה	advmod	as well as
26	אַתָּ֖ה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	24 אֲנַ֥חְנוּ	conj	you
27	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	28 טַפּ	advmod	as well as
28	טַפּ	טַף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 אֲנַ֥חְנוּ	conj	one[s]
29	ֵֽנוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	28 טַפּ	nmod:poss	our little
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 ֵֽנוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah
שִׁלְח send	imperative · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel	נַּעַר man
נָקוּמָה we will arise	cohortative · qal	נַּעַר man + יְהוּדָה Judah
נֵלֵכָה we will go	cohortative · qal	נַּעַר man + יְהוּדָה Judah
נִֽחְיֶה that we may live	yiqtol · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah + נַּעַר man + יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel + טַפּ one[s]
not נָמוּת we will die	yiqtol · qal	אֲנַחְנוּ we + אַתָּה you + טַפּ one[s]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמַר יְהוּדָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲבוּהִי שְׁלַח עוּלֵימָא עִמִּי וְנֵקוּם וְנֵזֵיל וְנֵיחֵי וְלָא נְמוּת אַף אֲנַחְנָא אַף אַתְּ אַף טַפְלָנָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Judah said unto Israel his father: 'Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go, that we may live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also our little ones.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1298.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.8/