Numbers 35:30 בְּמִדְבַּר
Who acts: Whoso, one witness, murderer · What happens: kill, slay, not testify, die · To what, where: person, murderer, mouth
This is Numbers 35:30 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Whoso, one witness, murderer — and what happens in the verse to person, murderer, mouth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
כָּל־מַ֨כֵּה־נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְפִ֣י עֵדִ֔ים יִרְצַ֖ח אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֑חַ וְעֵ֣ד אֶחָ֔ד לֹא־יַעֲנֶ֥ה בְנֶ֖פֶשׁ לָמֽוּת׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כָּל־ | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 7 יִרְצַ֖ח | dislocated | any |
| 2 | מַ֨כֵּה־ | נָכָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing | 1 כָּל־ | compound:smixut | [one who] strikes down |
| 3 | נֶ֔פֶשׁ | נֶפֶשׁ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 מַ֨כֵּה־ | compound:smixut | (of) a person |
| 4 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 5 פִ֣י | case | to |
| 5 | פִ֣י | פֶּה | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 7 יִרְצַ֖ח | obl | the mouth |
| 6 | עֵדִ֔ים | עֵד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 פִ֣י | compound:smixut | of witnesses |
| 7 | יִרְצַ֖ח | רָצַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | someone will kill |
| 8 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 10 רֹצֵ֑חַ | case | (et) |
| 9 | הָ | הַ | SCONJ | _ | 10 רֹצֵ֑חַ | mark | the |
| 10 | רֹצֵ֑חַ | רָצַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 7 יִרְצַ֖ח | obj | killer |
| 11 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 15 יַעֲנֶ֥ה | cc | and |
| 12 | עֵ֣ד | עֵד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 15 יַעֲנֶ֥ה | nsubj | a witness |
| 13 | אֶחָ֔ד | אֶחָד | NUM | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 12 עֵ֣ד | nummod | one |
| 14 | לֹא־ | לֹא | ADV | _ | 15 יַעֲנֶ֥ה | advmod | not |
| 15 | יַעֲנֶ֥ה | עָנָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 7 יִרְצַ֖ח | conj | he will testify |
| 16 | בְ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 17 נֶ֖פֶשׁ | case | against |
| 17 | נֶ֖פֶשׁ | נֶפֶשׁ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 יַעֲנֶ֥ה | obl | anyone |
| 18 | לָ | לְ | ADP | _ | 19 מֽוּת | case | to |
| 19 | מֽוּת | מוּת | VERB | HebBinyan=QAL | 15 יַעֲנֶ֥ה | advcl | die |
| 20 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 19 מֽוּת | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| מַכֵּה־ [one who] strikes down | participle active · hiphil | נֶפֶשׁ (of) a person | |||
| יִרְצַח someone will kill | yiqtol · qal | רֹצֵחַ killer | |||
| רֹצֵחַ killer | participle active · qal | מַכֵּה־ [one who] strikes down | |||
| not יַעֲנֶה he will testify | yiqtol · qal | עֵד a witness | |||
| מֽוּת die | infinitive construct · qal | נֶפֶשׁ anyone |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
כָּל דְיִקְטוֹל נַפְשָׁא לְפוּם סַהֲדִין יִקְטוֹל יָת קָטוֹלָא וְסָהִיד חַד לָא יַסְהִד בֶּאֱנַשׁ לְמִקְטָל
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:NUM:1271.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.35.30/