Deuteronomy 20:19 · JPS 1917

When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, in making war against it to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by wielding an axe against them; for thou mayest eat of them, but thou shalt not cut them down; for is the tree of the field man, that it should be besieged of thee?

Who acts: thou, tree · What happens: besiege, take, not destroy, wield, eat, not cut down · To what, where: city, war, trees, axe, people, tree

This is Deuteronomy 20:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	SCONJ	_	4 besiege	mark
2	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	4 besiege	nsubj
3	shalt	shall	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	4 besiege	aux
4	besiege	besiege	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 destroy	advcl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 city	det
6	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 besiege	obj
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 time	det
8	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 time	amod
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 besiege	obl:unmarked
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 making	punct
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 making	case
12	making	make	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 destroy	advcl
13	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 making	obj
14	against	against	ADP	_	15 it	case
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 making	obl
16	to	to	PART	_	17 take	mark
17	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 making	advcl
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 take	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 making	punct
20	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	23 destroy	nsubj
21	shalt	shall	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	23 destroy	aux
22	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	23 destroy	advmod
23	destroy	destroy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 trees	det
25	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 destroy	obj
26	thereof	thereof	ADV	_	23 destroy	advmod
27	by	by	SCONJ	_	28 wielding	mark
28	wielding	wield	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 destroy	advcl
29	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 axe	det
30	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 wielding	obj
31	against	against	ADP	_	32 them	case
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 wielding	obl
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	37 eat	punct
34	for	for	SCONJ	_	37 eat	mark
35	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	37 eat	nsubj
36	mayest	may	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	37 eat	aux
37	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 destroy	parataxis
38	of	of	ADP	_	39 them	case
39	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 eat	obl
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 cut	punct
41	but	but	CCONJ	_	45 cut	cc
42	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	45 cut	nsubj
43	shalt	shall	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	45 cut	aux
44	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	45 cut	advmod
45	cut	cut	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 eat	conj
46	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 cut	obj
47	down	down	ADP	_	45 cut	compound:prt
48	;	;	PUNCT	_	52 tree	punct
49	for	for	SCONJ	_	52 tree	mark
50	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	52 tree	cop
51	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	52 tree	det
52	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 destroy	advcl
53	of	of	ADP	_	56 man	case
54	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	56 man	det
55	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 man	compound
56	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 tree	nmod
57	,	,	PUNCT	_	62 besieged	punct
58	that	that	SCONJ	_	62 besieged	mark
59	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	62 besieged	nsubj:pass
60	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	62 besieged	aux
61	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	62 besieged	aux:pass
62	besieged	besiege	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	52 tree	acl:relcl
63	of	of	ADP	_	64 thee	case
64	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	62 besieged	obl
65	?	?	PUNCT	_	23 destroy	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: warn
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed form=q, act=warn, indirect=0

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	besiege	shall	thou	a city	time		tree rules
2	take	to-infinitive	thou not said here	war			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	not destroy	shall	thou	the trees		thereof property	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient
4	wield	gerund	thou not said here	a axe		against people	vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Theme
5	eat	may	thou			of people	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of they=Source
6	not cut down	shall	thou	people			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product
7	is a	present	thou not said here	the tree		of the field man	tree rules
8	besiege	should · passive	the tree not said here	city		of thee	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

כִּֽי־תָצ֣וּר אֶל־עִיר֩ יָמִ֨ים רַבִּ֜ים לְֽהִלָּחֵ֧ם עָלֶ֣יהָ לְתָפְשָׂ֗הּ לֹֽא־תַשְׁחִ֤ית אֶת־עֵצָהּ֙ לִנְדֹּ֤חַ עָלָיו֙ גַּרְזֶ֔ן כִּ֚י מִמֶּ֣נּוּ תֹאכֵ֔ל וְאֹת֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִכְרֹ֑ת כִּ֤י הָֽאָדָם֙ עֵ֣ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לָבֹ֥א מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ בַּמָּצֽוֹר׃

Deuteronomy 20:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DEU:560 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.560/