Genesis 4:9 · JPS 1917
And the LORD said unto Cain: 'Where is Abel thy brother?' And he said: 'I know not; am I my brother's keeper?'
Who acts: LORD, Cain, I · What happens: say, be, not know · To what, where: Abel, keeper · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Genesis 4:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, Cain, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 said | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 LORD | det |
| 3 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 6 Cain | case |
| 6 | Cain | Cain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 Abel | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 Where | punct |
| 9 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 Abel | advmod |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 Abel | cop |
| 11 | Abel | Abel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | ccomp |
| 12 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 13 brother | nmod:poss |
| 13 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 Abel | appos |
| 14 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 11 Abel | punct |
| 15 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 11 Abel | punct |
| 16 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 said | cc |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 said | nsubj |
| 18 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | conj |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 know | punct |
| 20 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 22 know | punct |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 know | nsubj |
| 22 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | ccomp |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 know | advmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 keeper | punct |
| 25 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 keeper | cop |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 keeper | nsubj |
| 27 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 brother | nmod:poss |
| 28 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 keeper | nmod:poss |
| 29 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 28 brother | case |
| 30 | keeper | keeper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 know | parataxis |
| 31 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 30 keeper | punct |
| 32 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 22 know | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the LORD | unto Cain | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | Abel | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Cain | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | not know | present | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | is a | present | I | my brother's keeper | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־קַ֔יִן אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי הֲשֹׁמֵ֥ר אָחִ֖י אָנֹֽכִי׃
Genesis 4:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:GEN:98 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.98/