Numbers 23:8 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
How shall I curse, whom God hath not cursed?
Who acts: I, God · What happens: curse, not curse
This is Numbers 23:8 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 curse | advmod |
| 2 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 curse | aux |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 curse | nsubj |
| 4 | curse | curse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 cursed | punct |
| 6 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 cursed | obj |
| 7 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 cursed | nsubj |
| 8 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 cursed | aux |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 cursed | advmod |
| 10 | cursed | curse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 I | acl:relcl |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 curse | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- express
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed form=q, act=express, indirect=1
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | curse | shall | I | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | not curse | present · perfect | God | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מָ֣ה אֶקֹּ֔ב לֹ֥א קַבֹּ֖ה אֵ֑ל וּמָ֣ה אֶזְעֹ֔ם לֹ֥א זָעַ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃
Numbers 23:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- How shall I curse, whom God hath not cursed?
- And how shall I execrate, whom the LORD hath not execrated?
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NUM:840 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.840/