Estonia, sentence 18
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Some historians believe he was referring to the Balts, while others think the name applied to all inhabitants of the eastern Baltic Sea region.
Who acts: historians, historian, others · What happens: believe, refer, think, apply · To what, where: name · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (historians, historian, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 historians | det |
| 2 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 believe | nsubj |
| 3 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 referring | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 referring | aux |
| 6 | referring | refer | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 believe | ccomp |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 Balts | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Balts | det |
| 9 | Balts | Balt | PROPN | Number=Plur | 6 referring | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 think | punct |
| 11 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 13 think | mark |
| 12 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 think | nsubj |
| 13 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 believe | parataxis |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 name | det |
| 15 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 think | obj |
| 16 | applied | apply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 name | acl |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 inhabitants | case |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 inhabitants | det |
| 19 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 applied | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 region | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 region | det |
| 22 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 region | amod |
| 23 | Baltic | Baltic | PROPN | _ | 24 Sea | compound |
| 24 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 region | compound |
| 25 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 inhabitants | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present | some historians | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | refer | past · progressive | historian | to the Balts | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to balt=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | present | others | the name | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot name=Theme | ||||
| 4 | apply | participle | the name not said here | to all inhabitants of the eastern Sea region | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/Estonia/18/