Estonia, sentence 19
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Scandinavian sagas and Viking runestones referring to Eistland are the earliest sources known to use the name in its modern geographic meaning.
Who acts: Viking runestones, Scandinavian sagas, name · What happens: refer, be, know, use, mean · To what, where: Eistland, earliest sources, name, modern geographic meaning
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Viking runestones, Scandinavian sagas, name), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scandinavian | scandinavian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 sagas | amod |
| 2 | sagas | saga | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 sources | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 runestones | cc |
| 4 | Viking | viking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 runestones | compound |
| 5 | runestones | runestone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 sagas | conj |
| 6 | referring | refer | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 runestones | acl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 Eistland | case |
| 8 | Eistland | Eistland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 referring | obl |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 sources | cop |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sources | det |
| 11 | earliest | early | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 12 sources | amod |
| 12 | sources | source | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 13 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 sources | acl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 use | mark |
| 15 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 known | xcomp |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 name | det |
| 17 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 use | obj |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 meaning | case |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 meaning | nmod:poss |
| 20 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 meaning | amod |
| 21 | geographic | geographic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 meaning | amod |
| 22 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 use | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 sources | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refer | gerund | Viking runestones not said here | Eistland | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to eistland=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | Scandinavian sagas and Viking runestones | the earliest sources | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | know | participle | the earliest sources not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | use | to-infinitive | the name | name's modern geographic meaning | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient | ||||
| 5 | mean | name | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/Estonia/19/