Estonia, sentence 20

From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

The oldest known settlement in Estonia is the Pulli settlement that dates to the early 9th millennium BC, making it at least 11,000 years old.

Who acts: oldest known settlement, Pulli settlement · What happens: know, be, date, make · To what, where: Pulli settlement, settlement

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (oldest known settlement, Pulli settlement), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 settlement	det
2	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 settlement	amod
3	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 settlement	amod
4	settlement	settlement	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 settlement	nsubj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Estonia	case
6	Estonia	Estonia	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 settlement	nmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 settlement	cop
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 settlement	det
9	Pulli	Pulli	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 settlement	compound
10	settlement	settlement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 dates	nsubj
12	dates	date	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 settlement	acl:relcl
13	to	to	ADP	_	17 millennium	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 millennium	det
15	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 millennium	amod
16	9th	9th	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord	17 millennium	compound
17	millennium	millennium	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dates	obl
18	BC	BC	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 millennium	appos
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 making	punct
20	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 dates	advcl
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 making	obj
22	at	at	ADP	_	23 least	case
23	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	24 11,000	nmod
24	11,000	11,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	25 years	nummod
25	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 old	obl:unmarked
26	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 making	xcomp
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 settlement	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	know	participle				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	is a	present	the oldest known settlement in Estonia	the Pulli settlement		tree rules
3	date	present	the Pulli settlement		to the early 9th millennium	vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	make	gerund	the Pulli settlement not said here	settlement	old property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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