Estonia, sentence 221
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Introduced mammals include sika deer, fallow deer, raccoon dog, muskrat, and American mink.
Who acts: Introduced mammals · What happens: introduce, include · To what, where: sika deer
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Introduced mammals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 mammals | amod |
| 2 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 include | nsubj |
| 3 | include | include | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | sika | sika | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 deer | compound |
| 5 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 include | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 deer | punct |
| 7 | fallow | fallow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 deer | amod |
| 8 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 deer | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 dog | punct |
| 10 | raccoon | raccoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 dog | compound |
| 11 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 deer | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 muskrat | punct |
| 13 | muskrat | muskrat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 deer | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 mink | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 mink | cc |
| 16 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 mink | amod |
| 17 | mink | mink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 deer | conj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 include | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | introduce | participle | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | include | present | Introduced mammals | sika deer and fallow deer and raccoon dog and muskrat and American mink | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deer=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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