Estonia, sentence 241

From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

After the adoption of the current constitution by a referendum in 1992, only one more referendum has been held: the 2003 Estonian European Union membership referendum.

Who acts: referendum · What happens: hold, adopt, constitute · To what, where: one more referendum, current constitution

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (referendum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	3 adoption	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 adoption	det
3	adoption	adoption	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 held	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 constitution	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 constitution	det
6	current	current	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 constitution	amod
7	constitution	constitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adoption	nmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 referendum	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 referendum	det
10	referendum	referendum	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 constitution	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 1992	case
12	1992	1992	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 referendum	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 adoption	punct
14	only	only	ADV	_	15 one	advmod
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 referendum	nummod
16	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 referendum	amod
17	referendum	referendum	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 held	nsubj:pass
18	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 held	aux
19	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	20 held	aux:pass
20	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
21	:	:	PUNCT	_	28 referendum	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 referendum	det
23	2003	2003	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	28 referendum	compound
24	Estonian	Estonian	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 referendum	compound
25	European	European	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Estonian	flat
26	Union	Union	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Estonian	flat
27	membership	membership	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 referendum	compound
28	referendum	referendum	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 held	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	20 held	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present · perfect · passive		one more referendum	after the adoption of the current constitution by a referendum in 1992	the 2003 Estonian membership referendum obl	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	adopt			the current constitution by a referendum in 1992			nom adoption «act transitive»: of=patient
3	constitute		a referendum in 1992				nom constitution «communication transitive»: by=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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