Estonia, sentence 258
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The second instance are district courts which handle appeals about the first instance decisions.
Who acts: second instance, district courts · What happens: be, handle · To what, where: district courts, appeals
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (second instance, district courts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 instance | det |
| 2 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 instance | amod |
| 3 | instance | instance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 courts | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 courts | cop |
| 5 | district | district | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 courts | amod |
| 6 | courts | court | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 handle | nsubj |
| 8 | handle | handle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 courts | acl:relcl |
| 9 | appeals | appeal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 handle | obj |
| 10 | about | about | ADP | _ | 14 decisions | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 decisions | det |
| 12 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 14 decisions | amod |
| 13 | instance | instance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 decisions | compound |
| 14 | decisions | decision | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 appeals | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 courts | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the second instance | district courts | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | handle | present | district courts | appeals | about the first instance decisions | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent appeal=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Estonia/258/