Estonia, sentence 309

From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

In 1994, applying the economic theories of Milton Friedman, Estonia became one of the first countries to adopt a flat tax, with a uniform rate of 26% regardless of personal income.

Who acts: applying economic theories · What happens: apply, become, adopt · To what, where: 1994, flat tax

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (applying economic theories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 1994	case
2	1994	1994	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 became	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 1994	punct
4	applying	apply	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 theories	amod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 theories	det
6	economic	economic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 theories	amod
7	theories	theory	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 became	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 Milton	case
9	Milton	Milton	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 theories	nmod
10	Friedman	Friedman	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Milton	flat
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 Estonia	punct
12	Estonia	Estonia	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Milton	conj
13	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 became	xcomp
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 countries	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 countries	det
17	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	18 countries	amod
18	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 one	nmod
19	to	to	PART	_	20 adopt	mark
20	adopt	adopt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 became	advcl
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 tax	det
22	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 tax	amod
23	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 adopt	obj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 rate	punct
25	with	with	ADP	_	28 rate	case
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 rate	det
27	uniform	uniform	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 rate	amod
28	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 adopt	obl
29	of	of	ADP	_	31 %	case
30	26	26	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	31 %	nummod
31	%	%	SYM	Number=Sing	28 rate	nmod
32	regardless	regardless	ADV	_	35 income	advmod
33	of	of	ADP	_	35 income	case
34	personal	personal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 income	amod
35	income	income	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 %	nmod
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 became	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	apply	gerund				vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	become	past	the applying economic theories of Milton and Estonia		in 1994 result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1994=Result
3	adopt	to-infinitive	the applying economic theories of Milton and Estonia not said here	a flat tax	with a uniform rate	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Estonia/309/

🌲 Estonia, sentence 309

The tree

Pragmatics

Estonia, sentence 309