Estonia, sentence 416
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Major changes in the demographics of Estonia have taken place after the country restored independence in 1991.
Who acts: country · What happens: take, restore · To what, where: Major changes, independence, 1991
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Major | major | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 changes | amod |
| 2 | changes | change | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 demographics | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 demographics | det |
| 5 | demographics | demographic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 changes | nmod |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Estonia | case |
| 7 | Estonia | Estonia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 demographics | nmod |
| 8 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 taken | aux |
| 9 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 taken | obj |
| 11 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 14 restored | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 country | det |
| 13 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 restored | nsubj |
| 14 | restored | restore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 taken | advcl |
| 15 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 restored | obj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 1991 | case |
| 17 | 1991 | 1991 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 restored | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 taken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | present · perfect · passive | Major changes in the demographics of Estonia | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme place=Destination | |||||
| 2 | restore | past | the country | independence | 1991 | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent independence=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Estonia/416/