Estonia, sentence 475

From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

By 2010, nearly two-thirds of the native Russian-speakers of Estonia had learnt to speak Estonian proficiently.

Who acts: two thirds · What happens: learn, speak · To what, where: Estonian · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two thirds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 2010	case
2	2010	2010	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	17 learnt	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 thirds	punct
4	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	7 thirds	advmod
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 thirds	nummod
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 two	punct
7	thirds	third	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 learnt	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	13 speakers	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 speakers	det
10	native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 speakers	amod
11	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 speakers	amod
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 Russian	punct
13	speakers	speaker	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 thirds	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 Estonia	case
15	Estonia	Estonia	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 speakers	nmod
16	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 learnt	aux
17	learnt	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
18	to	to	PART	_	19 speak	mark
19	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 learnt	xcomp
20	Estonian	Estonian	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 speak	obj
21	proficiently	proficiently	ADV	_	19 speak	advmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 learnt	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	past · perfect	two thirds of the native Russian speakers of Estonia					by 2010	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	speak speech: other	to-infinitive	two thirds of the native Russian speakers of Estonia not said here	Estonian				proficiently property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/Estonia/475/