Estonia, sentence 492
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Following the restoration of independence in the 1990s, Estonia offered free public education in Russian, but in 2024, the country began transitioning all public schools to Estonian-only instruction, underscoring a renewed focus on the national language and culture.
Who acts: Estonia, country · What happens: follow, offer, begin, transition, underscore, renew · To what, where: free public education, Russian, 2024, public schools, Estonian, renewed focus
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Estonia, country), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 restoration | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 restoration | det |
| 3 | restoration | restoration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 offered | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 independence | case |
| 5 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 restoration | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 1990s | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 1990s | det |
| 8 | 1990s | 1990s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 3 restoration | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 restoration | punct |
| 10 | Estonia | Estonia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 offered | nsubj |
| 11 | offered | offer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 education | amod |
| 13 | public | public | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 education | amod |
| 14 | education | education | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 offered | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 Russian | case |
| 16 | Russian | Russian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 offered | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 began | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 began | cc |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 2024 | case |
| 20 | 2024 | 2024 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 began | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 2024 | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 country | det |
| 23 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 began | nsubj |
| 24 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 offered | conj |
| 25 | transitioning | transition | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 began | xcomp |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 schools | det |
| 27 | public | public | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 schools | amod |
| 28 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 transitioning | obj |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 Estonian | case |
| 30 | Estonian | Estonian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 transitioning | obl |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 instruction | punct |
| 32 | only | only | ADV | _ | 33 instruction | advmod |
| 33 | instruction | instruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 Estonian | appos |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 underscoring | punct |
| 35 | underscoring | underscore | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 began | advcl |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 focus | det |
| 37 | renewed | renew | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 focus | amod |
| 38 | focus | focus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 underscoring | obj |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 language | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 language | det |
| 41 | national | national | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 language | amod |
| 42 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 underscoring | obl |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 culture | cc |
| 44 | culture | culture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 language | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 offered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | offer | past | Estonia | free public education | Russian | follow the restoration of independence in the 1990s | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent education=Theme | ||
| 3 | begin | past | the country | 2024 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | transition | gerund | the country not said here | all public schools | Estonian | tree rules | |||
| 5 | underscore | gerund | the country not said here | a renewed focus | the national language and culture | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent focus=Theme on language=Destination | |||
| 6 | renew | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/Estonia/492/