Estonia, sentence 52
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The crusading German Swordbrothers, who had previously subjugated Livonians, Latgalians, and Selonians, started campaigning against Estonians in 1208.
Who acts: crusading German Swordbrothers · What happens: crusade, subjugate, start, campaign · To what, where: crusading German Swordbrothers, 1208
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crusading German Swordbrothers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Swordbrothers | det |
| 2 | crusading | crusade | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 Swordbrothers | amod |
| 3 | German | German | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Swordbrothers | amod |
| 4 | Swordbrothers | swordbrother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 started | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 subjugated | punct |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 subjugated | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 subjugated | aux |
| 8 | previously | previously | ADV | _ | 9 subjugated | advmod |
| 9 | subjugated | subjugate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 Swordbrothers | conj |
| 10 | Livonians | Livonian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 subjugated | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Latgalians | punct |
| 12 | Latgalians | Latgalian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 10 Livonians | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Selonians | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 Selonians | cc |
| 15 | Selonians | Selonian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 10 Livonians | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 Swordbrothers | punct |
| 17 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | campaigning | campaign | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 started | xcomp |
| 19 | against | against | ADP | _ | 20 Estonians | case |
| 20 | Estonians | Estonian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 18 campaigning | obl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 1208 | case |
| 22 | 1208 | 1208 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 campaigning | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 started | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crusade | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | subjugate | past · perfect · passive | the crusading German Swordbrothers | previously property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | start | past | the crusading German Swordbrothers | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | campaign | gerund | the crusading German Swordbrothers not said here | 1208 | against Estonians | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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