Estonia, sentence 636
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
A hallmark of Estonian meals is black bread made from rye, which has a rich flavour and dense texture, and is served with almost every meal as an open sandwich base or an accompaniment to soups and main dishes.
Who acts: hallmark, rye · What happens: be, make, have, serve · To what, where: black bread, rye, rich flavour
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hallmark, rye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 hallmark | det |
| 2 | hallmark | hallmark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 bread | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 meals | case |
| 4 | Estonian | Estonian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 meals | compound |
| 5 | meals | meal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hallmark | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 bread | cop |
| 7 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 bread | amod |
| 8 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 bread | acl |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 rye | case |
| 11 | rye | rye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 made | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 has | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 has | nsubj |
| 14 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 rye | acl:relcl |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 flavour | det |
| 16 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 flavour | amod |
| 17 | flavour | flavour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 has | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 texture | cc |
| 19 | dense | dense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 texture | amod |
| 20 | texture | texture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 flavour | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 served | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 served | cc |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 served | aux:pass |
| 24 | served | serve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 bread | parataxis |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 meal | case |
| 26 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 28 meal | advmod |
| 27 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 meal | det |
| 28 | meal | meal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 served | obl |
| 29 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 base | case |
| 30 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 base | det |
| 31 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 base | amod |
| 32 | sandwich | sandwich | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 base | compound |
| 33 | base | base | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 served | obl |
| 34 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 36 accompaniment | cc |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 accompaniment | det |
| 36 | accompaniment | accompaniment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 base | conj |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 soups | case |
| 38 | soups | soup | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 accompaniment | nmod |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 dishes | cc |
| 40 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 dishes | amod |
| 41 | dishes | dish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 soups | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 bread | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a hallmark of Estonian meals | black bread | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | participle | black bread not said here | rye | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from rye=Material | ||||
| 3 | have | present | rye | a rich flavour and dense texture | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flavour=Patient | ||||
| 4 | serve | present · passive | with every meal; as a open sandwich base or a accompaniment to soups and main dishes | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: as base=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Estonia/636/