Estonia, sentence 68

From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Protected by stone walls and membership in the Hansa, prosperous cities like Tallinn and Tartu often defied other rulers of medieval Livonia.

Who acts: prosperous cities · What happens: protect, defy · To what, where: other rulers

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prosperous cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	by	by	ADP	_	4 walls	case
3	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 walls	compound
4	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Protected	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 membership	cc
6	membership	membership	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 walls	conj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 Hansa	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Hansa	det
9	Hansa	Hansa	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 membership	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 cities	punct
11	prosperous	prosperous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 cities	amod
12	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 defied	nsubj
13	like	like	ADP	_	14 Tallinn	case
14	Tallinn	Tallinn	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 cities	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 Tartu	cc
16	Tartu	Tartu	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Tallinn	conj
17	often	often	ADV	_	18 defied	advmod
18	defied	defy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 walls	acl:relcl
19	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 rulers	amod
20	rulers	ruler	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 defied	obj
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 Livonia	case
22	medieval	medieval	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 Livonia	amod
23	Livonia	Livonia	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 rulers	nmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Protected	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	participle						by stone walls and membership in the Hansa	vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	defy	past	prosperous cities like Tallinn and Tartu	other rulers of medieval Livonia				often property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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