Estonia, sentence 7
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Present-day Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC.
What happens: inhabit
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 day | amod |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Present | punct |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 inhabited | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | Estonia | Estonia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 day | appos |
| 5 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 inhabited | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 inhabited | aux:pass |
| 7 | inhabited | inhabit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | since | since | ADP | _ | 11 9,000 | case |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 least | case |
| 10 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 11 9,000 | nmod |
| 11 | 9,000 | 9,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 inhabited | obl |
| 12 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 9,000 | nmod:unmarked |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 inhabited | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inhabit | present · perfect · passive | since 9,000 at least BC; day | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/Estonia/7/