Estonia, sentence 70

From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

The Reformation began in central Europe in 1517, and soon spread northward to Livonia despite some opposition by the Livonian Order.

Who acts: Reformation · What happens: begin, spread · To what, where: central Europe, Livonia

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reformation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Reformation	det
2	Reformation	Reformation	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 began	nsubj
3	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 Europe	case
5	central	central	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Europe	amod
6	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 began	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 1517	case
8	1517	1517	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 began	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 spread	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 spread	cc
11	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 spread	advmod
12	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 began	parataxis
13	northward	northward	ADV	_	12 spread	advmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 Livonia	case
15	Livonia	Livonia	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 spread	obl
16	despite	despite	ADP	_	18 opposition	case
17	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	18 opposition	det
18	opposition	opposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 spread	obl
19	by	by	ADP	_	22 Order	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 Order	det
21	Livonian	Livonian	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 Order	compound
22	Order	Order	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 spread	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 began	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	begin	past	the Reformation			central Europe		in 1517	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	spread	present			Livonia			despite some opposition; by the Livonian Order; northward, soon property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by order=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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