Estonia, sentence 93

From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Although serfdom had been abolished in Estonia in 1816–1819, major reforms improving farmers' rights started only in the mid-19th century.

Who acts: major reforms, rights · What happens: abolish, improve, start · To what, where: major reforms, Estonia

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (major reforms, rights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Although	although	SCONJ	_	2 serfdom	case
2	serfdom	serfdom	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 abolished	obl
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 abolished	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 abolished	aux:pass
5	abolished	abolish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 Estonia	case
7	Estonia	Estonia	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 abolished	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 1816	case
9	1816	1816	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 abolished	obl
10	–	-	PUNCT	_	11 1819	punct
11	1819	1819	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 1816	flat
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 reforms	punct
13	major	major	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 reforms	amod
14	reforms	reform	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 abolished	obl
15	improving	improve	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 reforms	acl
16	farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 rights	nmod:poss
17	'	's	PART	_	16 farmers	case
18	rights	right	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 started	nsubj
19	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 improving	ccomp
20	only	only	ADV	_	24 century	advmod
21	in	in	ADP	_	24 century	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 century	det
23	mid-19th	mid-19th	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord	24 century	amod
24	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 started	obl
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 abolished	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abolish	past · perfect · passive		major reforms	Estonia		although serfdom; in 1816	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»
2	improve	gerund	major reforms not said here					tree rules
3	start	past	farmers's rights			century		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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