Republic of the Congo, sentence 181
From Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The investment in education has significantly dropped in recent years, leading to a dip in quality.
What happens: drop, lead · To what, where: investment
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Republic of the Congo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 investment | det |
| 2 | investment | investment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 dropped | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 education | case |
| 4 | education | education | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 investment | nmod |
| 5 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 dropped | aux |
| 6 | significantly | significantly | ADV | _ | 7 dropped | advmod |
| 7 | dropped | drop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 years | case |
| 9 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 years | amod |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 dropped | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 leading | punct |
| 12 | leading | lead | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 dropped | advcl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 dip | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 dip | det |
| 15 | dip | dip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 leading | obl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 quality | case |
| 17 | quality | quality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dip | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 dropped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drop | present · perfect · passive | the investment in education | year | significantly property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | lead | gerund | to a dip in quality | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to dip=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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