Republic of the Congo, sentence 29

From Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

The Tio Kingdom formed in the 14th century; the association of kingship with smithing is believed to have originated among the Tio before spreading to the kingdoms of Loango and Kongo.

Who acts: Tio Kingdom · What happens: form, believe, originate, spread · To what, where: association

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Republic of the Congo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tio Kingdom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Kingdom	det
2	Tio	Tio	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Kingdom	compound
3	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 formed	nsubj
4	formed	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 century	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 century	det
7	14th	14th	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord	8 century	amod
8	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 formed	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 believed	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 association	det
11	association	association	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 believed	nsubj:pass
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 kingship	case
13	kingship	kingship	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 association	nmod
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 smithing	case
15	smithing	smithing	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 kingship	nmod
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 believed	aux:pass
17	believed	believe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 formed	parataxis
18	to	to	PART	_	20 originated	mark
19	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	20 originated	aux
20	originated	originate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	17 believed	xcomp
21	among	among	ADP	_	23 Tio	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 Tio	det
23	Tio	Tio	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 originated	obl
24	before	before	SCONJ	_	25 spreading	mark
25	spreading	spread	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 originated	advcl
26	to	to	ADP	_	28 kingdoms	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 kingdoms	det
28	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 spreading	obl
29	of	of	ADP	_	30 Loango	case
30	Loango	Loango	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 kingdoms	nmod
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 Kongo	cc
32	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 Loango	conj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 formed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	form	past	the Tio Kingdom		century		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	believe	present · passive		the association of kingship with smithing			tree rules
3	originate	to-infinitive · perfect				among the Tio	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	spread	gerund				to the kingdoms of Loango and Kongo	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Republic_of_the_Congo/29/