Republic of the Congo, sentence 31

From Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Commercial relationships grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded in commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured and enslaved in the hinterlands.

Who acts: Commercial relationships, European merchants, people · What happens: grow, trade, manufacture, capture, enslave · To what, where: inland Bantu kingdoms, commodities, hinterlands

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Republic of the Congo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Commercial relationships, European merchants, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Commercial	commercial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 relationships	amod
2	relationships	relationship	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grew	nsubj
3	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	between	between	ADP	_	8 kingdoms	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 kingdoms	det
6	inland	inland	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 kingdoms	amod
7	Bantu	Bantu	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 kingdoms	compound
8	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grew	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 merchants	cc
10	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 merchants	amod
11	merchants	merchant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 kingdoms	conj
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 traded	nsubj
13	traded	trade	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 merchants	acl:relcl
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 commodities	case
15	commodities	commodity	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 traded	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 goods	punct
17	manufactured	manufacture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 goods	amod
18	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	15 commodities	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 captured	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 captured	cc
21	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 captured	nsubj
22	captured	capture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 grew	parataxis
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 enslaved	cc
24	enslaved	enslave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	22 captured	conj
25	in	in	ADP	_	27 hinterlands	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 hinterlands	det
27	hinterlands	hinterland	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 enslaved	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 grew	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	grow	past	Commercial relationships	the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between kingdom=Location
2	trade	past	European merchants	commodities and manufactured goods	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	manufacture	participle			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	capture	participle	people		vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	enslave	participle	people not said here	the hinterlands	vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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