Republic of the Congo, sentence 38
From Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Construction of the Congo–Ocean Railway following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.
What happens: follow, estimate, cost · To what, where: Construction Ocean Railway, 14,000 lives
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Republic of the Congo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Construction | Construction | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Railway | compound |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Congo | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Congo | det |
| 4 | Congo | Congo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Construction | nmod |
| 5 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Construction | punct |
| 6 | Ocean | Ocean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Railway | compound |
| 7 | Railway | Railway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 estimated | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 War | amod |
| 9 | World | World | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 War | compound |
| 10 | War | War | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Railway | nmod |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 Railway | nsubj |
| 12 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 estimated | aux |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 estimated | aux:pass |
| 14 | estimated | estimate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 cost | mark |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 cost | aux |
| 17 | cost | cost | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 estimated | xcomp |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 least | case |
| 19 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 20 14,000 | nmod |
| 20 | 14,000 | 14000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 lives | nummod |
| 21 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 cost | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 estimated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | estimate | present · perfect · passive | Construction Ocean Railway following World War | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | cost | to-infinitive · perfect | 14,000 lives | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme life=Value |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Republic_of_the_Congo/38/