Republic of the Congo, sentence 71

From Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.

Who acts: Sassou · What happens: have, rely, maintain · To what, where: dictatorship

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Republic of the Congo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sassou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Over	over	ADP	_	3 years	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 years	det
3	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 had	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 years	punct
5	Sassou	Sassou	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 had	nsubj
6	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 rely	mark
8	rely	rely	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 had	xcomp
9	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 rely	advmod
10	on	on	ADP	_	12 repression	case
11	political	political	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 repression	amod
12	repression	repression	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rely	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 patronage	cc
14	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	16 patronage	advmod
15	on	on	ADP	_	16 patronage	case
16	patronage	patronage	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 repression	conj
17	to	to	PART	_	18 maintain	mark
18	maintain	maintain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 patronage	acl
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 dictatorship	nmod:poss
20	dictatorship	dictatorship	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 maintain	obj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Sassou		year		tree rules
2	rely	to-infinitive	Sassou not said here			on political repression and patronage	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on repression=Theme
3	maintain	to-infinitive	Sassou not said here	Sassou's dictatorship			vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent dictatorship=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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