Dushanbe · page 5

From Wikipedia, «Dushanbe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Continuing with a nationalist tradition, Tajik classics were made into plays.398 During World War 2, plays were focused on the war and historical themes from the 1950s onward.399 In the 70s and 80s foreign plays, like Oedipus Rex, were introduced to Dushanbe.400 After independence, plays focused primarily on the devastating civil war.[223][213]401 Today, some theaters are the Tajik Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, the State Russian Drama Theater, the youth theater, the State Experimental Theater, and the republican puppet theater.[213]402

The Mayakovsky Theatre was Tajikistan's oldest theatre and last surviving Russian-language theatre company; it was demolished in 2016 as part of the government's wholesale destruction of numerous 20th-century buildings of historical and architectural interest.[224]403

Literature

The first printing press in Tajikistan was created in August 1924, the Tajik State Publishing House, the Donish Publishing House was founded in 1944.[225]404 In 1925 4 books were printed, which grew to 13 in 1926.405 In 1930, Sadriddin Ayni wrote the first Tajik novel, Dokhunda.[226]406 Publishing houses established in 1934 and the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan publishing house dramatically increased book production in the city.[227]407 The Maorif Publishing House was created in 1975.[225]408 In 2004, there were 30 publishing companies in the city.[227]409

Dushanbe became the center of Tajik literature in the 1920s with figures such as Sadriddin Ayni, Abolqasem Lahouti, and Payrav Sulaymoni along with new Soviet literature calling for revolution and social equality and Tajik nationalist literature.410 Children's books and translated works also had their beginnings in this period.411 In the 1930s, young Russian writers influenced the literature of the city, part of the "Komsomol generation."412 The themes often touched on the rapid development of Dushanbe during the 30s.[223]413

During World War 2, literature shifted towards patriotic and militaristic themes of protecting the motherland in shorter formats than novels.414 Messages from the frontlines and satires became popular.415 Russian literature also became known, partially due to the movement of factories and people from the frontlines of the war to the east.416 After the war, prose works and poetry, with poets like Mirzo Tursunzoda, became more popular along with the continuation of genres from previous decades.417 Literary criticism developed along with analysis of individual writers.[223]418

From the 1950s, the historical revolutionary genre developed, prompting authors to use history for inspiration.419 In the 60s the new genre of science fiction began in the city with writers like Mirsaid Mirshakar.420 In the 70s and 80s the themes of disorder gained more prominence, not coincidentally soon before the Soviet Union's collapse.421 In poetry, civic and philosophical lyrical themes were most popular.[223]422 After independence, previously forbidden subjects like religion started to appear in literature, along with reflections on the civil war and a more international scene has developed in the city.[223]423

Visual arts

Sculpture was first introduced to Dushanbe in the 1920s and throughout the Soviet period was focused on combining modern culture and a classical heritage.424 Modern sculpture mainly has historical subjects like Firdavsi, Shah Anushirvan, or Ismail Samani, often to commemorate Tajik nationhood and ethnicity by looking to past Achaemenid and Samanid figures.[118][71]425 Painting in Dushanbe took off when Russian painters moved to this city in the 20s and 30s.426 By the 50s, Tajik artists started to paint.427 In the 1960s, the severe style [ru] grew and in the 70s and 80s a focus on Tajik heritage and nationalism was predominant.428 In the late 80s, however, painting shifted from a focus on historical figures to emotional depth and personality.429 During the civil war, a theme of conflict in painting developed.[118]430 Sabzali Sharipov's black and white series, for example, was devoted to the civil war.[228]431

Film

Sports

Gymnastics, equestrian sports and athletics were practiced in 1923 at the Dushanbe sports club and in 1929 tennis was introduced.440 The All-Tajik Spartakiad was first held in 1934, and in 1939 Dynamo Dushanbe won the quarterfinals of the Cup of the USSR.441 In 1950 the country's soccer team took first place in the Central Asian Games.[230]442

In 2003, Dushanbe hosted the Central Asian Games.443 The most popular sports in Dushanbe are sambo, wrestling, judo, karate, taekwondo, artistic gymnastics, weightlifting, archery, shooting, boxing, football, basketball, diving, tennis, chess, Buzkashi, and checkers.[230]444 Four soccer teams of the Tajikistan Higher League play in Dushanbe: CSKA Pamir,[231] Dushanbe-83,[232] Istiklol,[233] and Lokomotiv-Pamir.[234]445 The Pamir Stadium in Dushanbe was constructed in 1939 where CSKA Pamir Dushanbe played.[235]446

On 21 August 2026, the National Stadium was officially opened in Dushanbe.447 Built to FIFA Category 2 standards, the 33-metre-tall (108 ft) two-tiered arena has a seating capacity of over 30,000 and features a standard 105 x 68 m football pitch.[236][237]448

Media

Newspapers and magazines

The first newspaper published in Tajik was Bukhara Sharif in Kagan on 11 March 1912 and published by leaders of the Jadid movement like Mirzo Jalol Yusufzoda.449 The purpose of the newspaper was to "be a scientific, literary, directional, subject, and economic publication that will strive for the spread of civilization and the idea."450 Soon after, however, Ivan Petrov requested that the Emir of Bukhara close the paper, which he did on 2 January 1913.[225]451

Oina and Mullo Nasreddin were two of the earliest Tajik language magazines.452 The Zvezda Vostok magazine was published in Tajik in the early 1920s in support of the October Revolution.453 The first Soviet newspaper distributed in Tajikistan was Shulai Inkilob (Flame of the Revolution) as propaganda for the Soviet government in 1919.454 It was distributed throughout Tajikistan and was the main Tajik language newspaper that opposed the previous Emirate and was clearly in support of communism, the October Revolution, and the Bukharan Communist Party.[225]455

The first Soviet newspaper published in Tajikistan was Po basmachi which detailed the conditions of the Red Army in Tajikistan in 1923 during the Basmachi movement.456 In 1924, the newspaper Voice of the East (Овози шарк or Голос Востока), the first Soviet government newspaper was published in Dushanbe and was a forum for much of the poetry and literature of the young republic.457 In 1925, the official newspaper of Soviet Tajikistan was "Bedorii tochik" (Awakening of the Tajiks).458 An Uzbek-language paper, Red Tajikistan, was published in Tajikistan as well.459 Sadriddin Ayni also published many newspapers such as Bukhara News, Horpustak, and Flame of the Revolution.[225]460

In 1929, the newspaper Red Tajikistan came into print with a large daily circulation of 5000.461 In the 1930s Komsomolets Tadzhikistana was published as a communist paper intended for the youth of Tajikistan.462 Many other newspapers were published during this time as well.463 The press often emphasized the collective farming system and the newspaper Dehkoni Kambagal was popular among farmers.[225]464

During World War 2 newspaper production was strained as raw materials became increasingly scarce and their numbers were reduced.465 After the war, the many newspapers from the 30s began to be produced once again.466 In the 60s and 70s the newspaper Communist of Tajikistan gained prominence, winning the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.467 International cooperation was to be emphasized during the time period.[225]468

During perestroika, newspapers embraced more liberal and democratic ideas.469 One of the first to do this was the Komsomol of Tajikistan.470 Farkhang, a new literary magazine, published national Tajik and Islamic literature banned before such as the Masnavi.471 The Sukhan newspaper, published by the Union of Journalists of Tajikistan, was a leading voice for liberalism and perestroika in the republic, writing about topics such as freedom of speech, democratization, and the opposition.472 The first publication not released by the state was from Rastokhez, printed in Lithuania and delivered to Dushanbe.473 The Democratic Party of Tajikistan published a paper, Justice, in Dushanbe as well which had a circulation of 25000.474 Charogi Ruz, or Light of Day, was the first private publication in Dushanbe, and advertised itself as the free tribune for youth.475 Free publications such as Oinai zindagi (by trade unions), Somon, Haftgandzh, and others formed.[225]476 Today, Charogi Ruz is known for its criticism of the ruling government.[238]477

In August 1999 there were officially 199 newspapers, although only 17 of those appeared regularly.478 Some of the most widely circulated national government publications are Dzhumhuriet and Narodna Gazeta.479 In addition to the state news agency Khovar (News), there are several private newspapers, including Asia-Plus, which regularly publishes in Russian and English and reports on political, social and economic issues, Jumhuriyat, and Khalk ovozi.[239][240]480 In 2019 there were 37 regular newspapers and 37 magazines published in the city.[4]481

Radio

In 1924 a radio station was built in Dushanbe for military communication.482 On 10 April 1930 the first radio broadcast was heard by civilians in Tajikistan, from Moscow.483 It functioned as a news source and a source of Soviet propaganda.484 The first station, in Dushanbe, mainly focused on retransmitted broadcasts from Moscow and radios gradually became more prevalent in the country.485 While development slowed during World War 2, afterwards Tajikistan received higher broadband and quality radio stations and broadcasts.[225]486

In 1977, locally created radio broadcasts were able to be transmitted from Dushanbe thanks to the construction of the Radio House in the city.487 In 2000, the Sadoi Dushanbe Radio was created, and today that is one of the four programs broadcast in Dushanbe.[225]488

As of August 1999 government radio is broadcast throughout the nation along with independent outlets such as Asia Plus radio.[227]489 Radio Liberty, the BBC, and Sadoi Khuroson are also broadcast in Tajik, although no independent radio stations were in operation.[240]490

Television

On 7 November 1959 the first television center was created in the republic, the Tajik Television Studio.491 In 1967 programs from Moscow and Tashkent were broadcast in the country and on 15 November 1975 color television was introduced.[225]492 As of August 1999 12 to 15 stations broadcast consistently.493 Many Russian language channels like ORT, RTR, and TV-6 broadcast as well.[240]494 Today, a greater number of private television stations operate in the city,[227] with 15 in the whole country, although there are still 7 state owned channels.[241]495

Notable people

Zebo Aminzoda (born 1948), Tajikistani ballet dancer and choreographer496
Viktor Bout (born 1967), Russian convicted arms dealer497
Farruh Negmat-Zadeh (born 1959), Tajikistani artist498
Zoya Tajikova (born 1935), Tajik musicologist499
Vazgen Manasyan (1958–2024), Tajikistani professional football coach and player of Armenian descent500
Manizha (born 1991) She represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021.501

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Dushanbe is twinned with:[242]502

Ankara corpus, Turkey503
Ashgabat corpus, Turkmenistan504
Astana corpus, Kazakhstan505
Baku corpus, Azerbaijan506
Boulder, United States507
Doha corpus, Qatar508
Hainan, China509
Islamabad corpus, Pakistan510
Klagenfurt, Austria511
Lahore, Pakistan512
Lusaka corpus, Zambia513
Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan514
Minsk corpus, Belarus515
Monastir, Tunisia516
Qingdao, China517
Reutlingen, Germany518
Saint Petersburg, Russia519
Sanaa corpus, Yemen520
Shiraz, Iran521
Tehran corpus, Iran522
Ürümqi, China523
Xiamen, China524

In 1982, Mary Hey and Sophia Stoller started an initiative to make Dushanbe a sister city of Boulder even though during that time they were on opposite sides of the Cold War.525 In 1987, the mayor of Dushanbe, Maksud Ikramov, officially made Boulder a sister city of Dushanbe.526 Exchange students, tourism, and art exchanges began between the two cities.527 The Tajik Teahouse was sent from Dushanbe to Boulder in 1990.528 During the civil war, Boulder sent humanitarian aid to Dushanbe.[243]529

International conferences

Many international conferences have been held in Dushanbe, such as the International Conference on Integrated TB Control in Central Asia[244] and the hosting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization conference in 2000, 2008, and 2014.[245][246][247]530

In 2003, Dushanbe hosted the International Forum on Fresh Water which was attended by 50 states and organizations.[248][249]531

From 20 to 23 June 2018 the High-Level International Conference on the International Decade for Action 'Water for Sustainable Development' was held in Dushanbe, which discussed the upcoming decade for action with regards to water.[250]532 A second conference on the same subject was planned to be held in June 2020.[251]533

On 16–17 May 2019 a high-level conference entitled "Countering Terrorism and its Financing Through Illicit Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime" was held in Dushanbe and attended by more than 50 countries.534 It passed the Dushanbe declaration, which put the primary responsibility for fighting terrorism onto national governments.535 Other topics, such as drug smuggling, were also discussed.[252]536

On 15 June 2019 the fifth summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia was held in Dushanbe.537 The Asian members of the organization discussed common interests on topics such as peace and security, terrorism, arms control, the Iran nuclear deal, poverty, economic development, and globalization.[253]538

External links

Dushanbe pictures through eyes of westerner

Tajik Web Gateway

Boulder-Dushanbe Sister Cities

Dushanbe – TimeLapse

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