Haiti, sentence 362
From Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
A long history of oppression by dictators such as François Duvalier and his son Jean-Claude Duvalier has markedly affected the republic's governance and society, and since then Haiti has been transitioning to a democratic system.
Who acts: Haiti · What happens: affect, transition · To what, where: long history
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Haiti». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Haiti), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 history | det |
| 2 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 history | amod |
| 3 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 affected | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 oppression | case |
| 5 | oppression | oppression | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 history | nmod |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 dictators | case |
| 7 | dictators | dictator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 history | nmod |
| 8 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 11 Duvalier | case |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 such | fixed |
| 10 | François | François | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Duvalier | compound |
| 11 | Duvalier | Duvalier | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 dictators | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 son | cc |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 son | nmod:poss |
| 14 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 Duvalier | conj |
| 15 | Jean | Jean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Duvalier | flat |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 Jean | punct |
| 17 | Claude | Claude | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Duvalier | conj |
| 18 | Duvalier | Duvalier | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Claude | flat |
| 19 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 affected | aux |
| 20 | markedly | markedly | ADV | _ | 21 affected | advmod |
| 21 | affected | affect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 republic | det |
| 23 | republic | republic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 governance | nmod:poss |
| 24 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 23 republic | case |
| 25 | governance | governance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 affected | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 society | cc |
| 27 | society | society | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 governance | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 transitioning | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 transitioning | cc |
| 30 | since | since | ADP | _ | 31 then | case |
| 31 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 35 transitioning | obl |
| 32 | Haiti | Haiti | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 transitioning | nsubj |
| 33 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 transitioning | aux |
| 34 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 transitioning | aux |
| 35 | transitioning | transition | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 affected | advcl |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 system | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 system | det |
| 38 | democratic | democratic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 system | amod |
| 39 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 transitioning | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 affected | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | affect | present · perfect · passive | a long history of oppression by dictators such François Duvalier and Duvalier's son and Claude | the republic's governance and society obj; markedly property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer governance=Result | ||||
| 2 | transition | present · perfect · progressive | Haiti | to a democratic system | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/362/