India, sentence 321
From Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Eighth Schedule of India's Constitution also recognises 22 languages, including Hindi but not English, which the government is obligated to develop.
Who acts: Eighth Schedule · What happens: recognise, obligate, develop, schedule · To what, where: 22 languages, Hindi, Constitution
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eighth Schedule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Schedule | det |
| 2 | Eighth | eighth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Schedule | amod |
| 3 | Schedule | schedule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 recognises | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Constitution | case |
| 5 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Constitution | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 India | case |
| 7 | Constitution | Constitution | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Schedule | nmod |
| 8 | also | also | ADV | _ | 9 recognises | advmod |
| 9 | recognises | recognise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | 22 | 22 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 languages | nummod |
| 11 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 recognises | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Hindi | punct |
| 13 | including | including | ADP | _ | 14 Hindi | case |
| 14 | Hindi | Hindi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 languages | nmod |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 English | cc |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 English | advmod |
| 17 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Hindi | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 obligated | punct |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 obligated | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 government | det |
| 21 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 obligated | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 obligated | aux:pass |
| 23 | obligated | obligate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 Hindi | acl:relcl |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 develop | mark |
| 25 | develop | develop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 obligated | xcomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 recognises | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | recognise | present | the Eighth Schedule of India's Constitution | 22 languages | including Hindi but English | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | obligate | present · passive | Hindi but English | the government nsubj:pass | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result | ||||
| 3 | develop | to-infinitive | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | schedule | India's Constitution | nom schedule «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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