India, sentence 372
From Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
India's early COVID-19 lockdown bought time to rapidly increase local testing and protective gear production; however, later waves of the virus overwhelmed the healthcare system, leading to severe shortages of oxygen and intensive care beds.
Who acts: waves · What happens: buy, increase, overwhelm, lead, wave · To what, where: local testing, healthcare system, lockdown bought time, virus
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (waves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 COVID | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 India | case |
| 3 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 COVID | amod |
| 4 | COVID | COVID | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 time | nsubj |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 19 | punct |
| 6 | 19 | 19 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 COVID | flat |
| 7 | lockdown | lockdown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 time | compound |
| 8 | bought | buy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 time | amod |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 increase | mark |
| 11 | rapidly | rapidly | ADV | _ | 12 increase | advmod |
| 12 | increase | increase | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 time | acl |
| 13 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 testing | amod |
| 14 | testing | testing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 increase | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 production | cc |
| 16 | protective | protective | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 production | amod |
| 17 | gear | gear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 production | compound |
| 18 | production | production | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 testing | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 overwhelmed | punct |
| 20 | however | however | ADV | _ | 27 overwhelmed | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 however | punct |
| 22 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 23 waves | advmod |
| 23 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 overwhelmed | nsubj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 virus | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 virus | det |
| 26 | virus | virus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 waves | nmod |
| 27 | overwhelmed | overwhelm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 time | acl:relcl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 system | det |
| 29 | healthcare | healthcare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 system | compound |
| 30 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 overwhelmed | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 leading | punct |
| 32 | leading | lead | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 overwhelmed | advcl |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 shortages | case |
| 34 | severe | severe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 shortages | amod |
| 35 | shortages | shortage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 leading | obl |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 oxygen | case |
| 37 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 shortages | nmod |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 beds | cc |
| 39 | intensive | intensive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 beds | amod |
| 40 | care | care | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 beds | compound |
| 41 | beds | bed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 oxygen | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 time | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | buy | participle | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | increase | to-infinitive | local testing and protective gear production | rapidly property | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer testing=Patient | ||||
| 3 | overwhelm | past | waves of the virus | the healthcare system | however property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus system=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | lead | gerund | waves of the virus not said here | to severe shortages of oxygen and intensive care beds | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to shortage=Patient | ||||
| 6 | wave | the virus | nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/India/372/