Kigali, sentence 280
From Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
These schools, which charge high fees, offer international programmes such as the International General Certificate of Secondary Education and the International Baccalaureate which enable students to study at universities worldwide.
Who acts: schools, international programmes, students · What happens: charge, offer, enable, study · To what, where: high fees, international programmes, students, universities
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kigali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (schools, international programmes, students), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 schools | det |
| 2 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 charge | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 charge | punct |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 charge | nsubj |
| 5 | charge | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 fees | amod |
| 7 | fees | fee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 charge | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 offer | punct |
| 9 | offer | offer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 charge | conj |
| 10 | international | international | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 programmes | amod |
| 11 | programmes | programme | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 offer | obj |
| 12 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 17 Certificate | case |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 such | fixed |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Certificate | det |
| 15 | International | International | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 Certificate | amod |
| 16 | General | General | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Certificate | nmod:desc |
| 17 | Certificate | Certificate | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 programmes | nmod |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Education | case |
| 19 | Secondary | Secondary | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Education | compound |
| 20 | Education | Education | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Certificate | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 Baccalaureate | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Baccalaureate | det |
| 23 | International | International | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 Baccalaureate | amod |
| 24 | Baccalaureate | Baccalaureate | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Certificate | conj |
| 25 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 enable | nsubj |
| 26 | enable | enable | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 programmes | acl:relcl |
| 27 | students | student | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 enable | obj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 study | mark |
| 29 | study | study | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 enable | xcomp |
| 30 | at | at | ADP | _ | 31 universities | case |
| 31 | universities | university | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 study | obl |
| 32 | worldwide | worldwide | ADV | _ | 29 study | advmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 charge | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | charge | present | this schools | high fees | which nsubj | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location fee=Theme | |||
| 2 | offer | present | this schools not said here | international programmes | such the International Certificate General of Secondary Education and the International Baccalaureate | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent programme=Theme | |||
| 3 | enable | present | international programmes | students | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | study | to-infinitive | students not said here | universities | worldwide property | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kigali/280/