Kigali, sentence 281
From Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
On 14 September 2022, the government announced that, starting with the academic year 2022–2023, parents will no longer pay school fees for students in pre-primary and primary, however, they will contribute Rwf975 for school feeding program.
Who acts: government, parents, fees · What happens: announce, start, pay, contribute · To what, where: 14, school fees, pre-primary, Rwf975 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kigali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (government, parents, fees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 2 14 | case |
| 2 | 14 | 14 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 announced | obl |
| 3 | September | September | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 2022 | nmod:unmarked |
| 4 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 14 | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 14 | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 government | det |
| 7 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 announced | nsubj |
| 8 | announced | announce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 starting | mark |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 starting | punct |
| 11 | starting | start | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 announced | ccomp |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 year | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 year | det |
| 14 | academic | academic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 year | amod |
| 15 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 starting | obl |
| 16 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 year | flat |
| 17 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 18 2023 | case |
| 18 | 2023 | 2023 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 year | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 pay | punct |
| 20 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 pay | nsubj |
| 21 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 pay | aux |
| 22 | no | no | ADV | _ | 23 longer | advmod |
| 23 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 24 pay | advmod |
| 24 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 announced | parataxis |
| 25 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fees | compound |
| 26 | fees | fee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 pay | obj |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 students | case |
| 28 | students | student | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 pay | obl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 pre-primary | case |
| 30 | pre-primary | pre-primary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 pay | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 primary | cc |
| 32 | primary | primary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 pre-primary | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 contribute | punct |
| 34 | however | however | ADV | _ | 38 contribute | advmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 however | punct |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 contribute | nsubj |
| 37 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 contribute | aux |
| 38 | contribute | contribute | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 pay | conj |
| 39 | Rwf975 | Rwf975 | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 contribute | obj |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 43 program | case |
| 41 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 feeding | compound |
| 42 | feeding | feeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 program | compound |
| 43 | program | program | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 contribute | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 announced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | announce speech: other | past | the government | 14 | vn order-58.3 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | start | gerund | year | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | pay | future | parents | school fees | pre-primary | for students; long property | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent fee=Asset for student=Theme | ||
| 4 | contribute | future | fees = fee | Rwf975 | for feeding program; however property | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent rwf975=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kigali/281/