Kinshasa, sentence 157
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
A major crackdown happened on 28 October 2000, when President Kabila's security forces arrested at least 93 people, including 60 soldiers and 33 civilians from North Kivu, South Kivu, and Maniema, accused of plotting a coup d'état involving Anselme Masasu Nindaga, a founding AFDL member; some detainees were summarily executed or tortured to death, while others were imprisoned for over three years and only released following a government-issued general amnesty.
Who acts: major crackdown, coup d'état · What happens: happen, arrest, include, accuse, plot, involve · To what, where: 28, security forces, North Kivu, coup d'état, Anselme, detainees
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (major crackdown, coup d'état), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 crackdown | det |
| 2 | major | major | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 crackdown | amod |
| 3 | crackdown | crackdown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 happened | nsubj |
| 4 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 28 | case |
| 6 | 28 | 28 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 happened | obl |
| 7 | October | October | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 28 | nmod:unmarked |
| 8 | 2000 | 2000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 28 | nmod:unmarked |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 arrested | punct |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 arrested | advmod |
| 11 | President | President | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Kabila | nmod:desc |
| 12 | Kabila | Kabila | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 forces | nmod:poss |
| 13 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 12 Kabila | case |
| 14 | security | security | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 forces | compound |
| 15 | forces | force | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 arrested | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | arrested | arrest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 happened | parataxis |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 least | case |
| 18 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 19 93 | nmod |
| 19 | 93 | 93 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 people | nummod |
| 20 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 arrested | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 soldiers | punct |
| 22 | including | include | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 soldiers | case |
| 23 | 60 | 60 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 soldiers | nummod |
| 24 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 people | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 civilians | cc |
| 26 | 33 | 33 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 27 civilians | nummod |
| 27 | civilians | civilian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 people | conj |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 Kivu | case |
| 29 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Kivu | compound |
| 30 | Kivu | Kivu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 arrested | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 South | punct |
| 32 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Kivu | conj |
| 33 | Kivu | Kivu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Kivu | flat |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Maniema | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 Maniema | cc |
| 36 | Maniema | Maniema | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Kivu | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 accused | punct |
| 38 | accused | accuse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 arrested | conj |
| 39 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 40 plotting | mark |
| 40 | plotting | plot | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 accused | advcl |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 d'état | det |
| 42 | coup | coup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 d'état | compound |
| 43 | d'état | d'état | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 plotting | obj |
| 44 | involving | involve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 43 d'état | acl |
| 45 | Anselme | Anselme | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 involving | obj |
| 46 | Masasu | Masasu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Anselme | flat |
| 47 | Nindaga | Nindaga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Anselme | flat |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 member | punct |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 member | det |
| 50 | founding | found | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 52 member | amod |
| 51 | AFDL | AFDL | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 member | compound |
| 52 | member | member | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 Anselme | appos |
| 53 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 58 executed | punct |
| 54 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 55 detainees | det |
| 55 | detainees | detainee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 executed | nsubj:pass |
| 56 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 executed | aux:pass |
| 57 | summarily | summarily | ADV | _ | 58 executed | advmod |
| 58 | executed | execute | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 happened | parataxis |
| 59 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 60 tortured | cc |
| 60 | tortured | torture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 58 executed | conj |
| 61 | to | to | ADP | _ | 62 death | case |
| 62 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 tortured | obl |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 imprisoned | punct |
| 64 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 67 imprisoned | mark |
| 65 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 imprisoned | nsubj:pass |
| 66 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 67 imprisoned | aux:pass |
| 67 | imprisoned | imprison | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 58 executed | conj |
| 68 | for | for | ADP | _ | 71 years | case |
| 69 | over | over | ADV | _ | 70 three | advmod |
| 70 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 71 years | nummod |
| 71 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 imprisoned | obl |
| 72 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 released | cc |
| 73 | only | only | ADV | _ | 74 released | advmod |
| 74 | released | release | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 58 executed | conj |
| 75 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 74 released | advcl |
| 76 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 81 amnesty | det |
| 77 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 issued | compound |
| 78 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 77 government | punct |
| 79 | issued | issue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 81 amnesty | amod |
| 80 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 amnesty | amod |
| 81 | amnesty | amnesty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 following | obj |
| 82 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 happened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | past | a major crackdown | 28 October 2000 | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on 28=Location | ||||
| 2 | arrest | participle · passive | Kabila President's security forces | North Kivu and South and Maniema | 93 people and 60 soldiers and 33 civilians obj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | include | gerund | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | accuse | participle | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | plot | gerund | a coup d'état | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent d'état=Theme | |||||
| 6 | involve | gerund | a coup d'état not said here | Anselme | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anselme=Theme | ||||
| 7 | found | gerund | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | execute | past · passive | some detainees | summarily property | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 9 | torture | participle | to death | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 10 | imprison | past · passive | others | year | vn confine-92 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 11 | release | participle | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer | ||||||
| 12 | follow | gerund | a issued general amnesty | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amnesty=Theme | |||||
| 13 | issue | participle | government compound | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/157/