Niamey, sentence 37
From Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Maouri believe that the city's Maouri founders were driven away from the nearby river island of Néni Goungou by the Fula villagers of Bitinkodji; they say the city was built next to a landmark tree called Gna and was thus named "place of the Gna", or Gna-mé.
Who acts: Maouri, Fula villagers, founders · What happens: believe, drive away, say, build, call, name · To what, where: Maouri founders, nearby river island, city, landmark tree, place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niamey». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maouri, Fula villagers, founders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Maouri | det |
| 2 | Maouri | Maouri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 believe | nsubj |
| 3 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 driven | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 city | det |
| 6 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 founders | nmod:poss |
| 7 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 6 city | case |
| 8 | Maouri | Maouri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 founders | compound |
| 9 | founders | founder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 driven | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 driven | aux:pass |
| 11 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 believe | ccomp |
| 12 | away | away | ADV | _ | 11 driven | advmod |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 island | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 island | det |
| 15 | nearby | nearby | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 island | amod |
| 16 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 island | compound |
| 17 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 driven | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Néni | case |
| 19 | Néni | Néni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 island | nmod |
| 20 | Goungou | Goungou | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Néni | flat |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 villagers | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 villagers | det |
| 23 | Fula | Fula | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 villagers | compound |
| 24 | villagers | villager | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 driven | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Bitinkodji | case |
| 26 | Bitinkodji | Bitinkodji | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 villagers | nmod |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 say | punct |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 say | nsubj |
| 29 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 believe | parataxis |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 city | det |
| 31 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 built | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 built | aux:pass |
| 33 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 say | ccomp |
| 34 | next | next | ADV | _ | 33 built | advmod |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 tree | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 tree | det |
| 37 | landmark | landmark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 tree | compound |
| 38 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 built | obl |
| 39 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 tree | acl |
| 40 | Gna | Gna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 called | xcomp |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 named | cc |
| 42 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 named | aux:pass |
| 43 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 44 named | advmod |
| 44 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 built | conj |
| 45 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 place | punct |
| 46 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 named | xcomp |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 Gna | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Gna | det |
| 49 | Gna | Gna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 place | nmod |
| 50 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 place | punct |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 mé | punct |
| 52 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 55 mé | cc |
| 53 | Gna | Gna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 mé | compound |
| 54 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 53 Gna | punct |
| 55 | mé | mé | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 say | conj |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present | the Maouri | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | drive away | past · passive | the Fula villagers of Bitinkodji | the city's Maouri founders | the nearby river island of Néni | away property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from island=Trajectory | ||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | founders = founder | Gna mé conj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | build | past · passive | the city | to a landmark tree; next property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 5 | call | participle | a landmark tree not said here | Gna xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | name | past · passive | place of the Gna | thus property | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Niamey», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niamey/37/