Panama, sentence 63

From Wikipedia, «Panama», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Sir Francis Drake's famous raids on Panama in 1572–73 and John Oxenham's crossing to the Pacific Ocean were aided by Panama cimarrons, and Spanish authorities were only able to bring them under control by making an alliance with them that guaranteed their freedom in exchange for military support in 1582.

Who acts: Panama cimarrons, Spanish authorities, Francis, John · What happens: aid, be, bring, make, guarantee, raid · To what, where: Panama, authorities, control, alliance, freedom, exchange

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Panama». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Panama cimarrons, Spanish authorities, Francis, John), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sir	Sir	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Francis	nmod:desc
2	Francis	Francis	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 raids	nmod:poss
3	Drake	Drake	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Francis	flat
4	's	's	PART	_	2 Francis	case
5	famous	famous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 raids	amod
6	raids	raid	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 Panama	nsubj
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 Panama	case
8	Panama	Panama	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 aided	nsubj:pass
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 1572	case
10	1572	1572	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 Panama	nmod
11	–	–	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	12 73	case
12	73	73	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 1572	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 John	cc
14	John	John	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 crossing	nmod:poss
15	Oxenham	Oxenham	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 John	flat
16	's	's	PART	_	14 John	case
17	crossing	crossing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Panama	nsubj
18	to	to	ADP	_	21 Ocean	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 Ocean	det
20	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 Ocean	compound
21	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 crossing	nmod
22	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 aided	aux:pass
23	aided	aid	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
24	by	by	ADP	_	26 cimarrons	case
25	Panama	Panama	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 cimarrons	compound
26	cimarrons	cimarron	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 aided	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 able	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 able	cc
29	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 authorities	amod
30	authorities	authority	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 able	nsubj
31	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 able	cop
32	only	only	ADV	_	33 able	advmod
33	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 aided	advcl
34	to	to	PART	_	35 bring	mark
35	bring	bring	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 able	xcomp
36	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 bring	obj
37	under	under	ADP	_	38 control	case
38	control	control	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 bring	obl
39	by	by	SCONJ	_	40 making	mark
40	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	35 bring	advcl
41	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 alliance	det
42	alliance	alliance	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 making	obj
43	with	with	ADP	_	44 them	case
44	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 making	obl
45	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	46 guaranteed	nsubj
46	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	40 making	acl:relcl
47	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	48 freedom	nmod:poss
48	freedom	freedom	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 guaranteed	obj
49	in	in	ADP	_	50 exchange	case
50	exchange	exchange	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 guaranteed	obl
51	for	for	ADP	_	53 support	case
52	military	military	ADJ	Degree=Pos	53 support	amod
53	support	support	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 exchange	nmod
54	in	in	ADP	_	55 1582	case
55	1582	1582	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	46 guaranteed	obl
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	23 aided	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	aid	past · passive	Panama cimarrons	Panama Francis Sir's famous raids in 1572 – 73 John's crossing to the Pacific Ocean			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary
2	is	past	Spanish authorities			able property	tree rules
3	bring	to-infinitive	Spanish authorities not said here	authorities = authority	control		vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Theme
4	make	gerund	Spanish authorities not said here	a alliance		with authorities = authority	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset alliance=Product
5	guarantee	past		authorities's freedom	exchange for military support	in 1582	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition freedom=Theme
6	raid		Francis Sir				nom raid «act transitive»: poss=agent
7	cross		John			to the Pacific Ocean	nom crossing «act transitive»: poss=agent to=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Panama», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Panama/63/

🌲 Panama, sentence 63

The tree

Pragmatics

Panama, sentence 63