South Africa, sentence 49
From Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
By 1250, the capital of the Mapungubwe Kingdom had a population of 5,000 and the state covered 30,000 km2 (11,500 square miles), growing wealthy through the Indian Ocean trade.
Who acts: capital, state, population · What happens: have, cover, grow · To what, where: population, 30,000 km2, Indian Ocean trade
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (capital, state, population), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 2 1250 | case |
| 2 | 1250 | 1250 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 had | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 1250 | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 capital | det |
| 5 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 had | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Kingdom | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Kingdom | det |
| 8 | Mapungubwe | Mapungubwe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Kingdom | compound |
| 9 | Kingdom | Kingdom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 capital | nmod |
| 10 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 population | det |
| 12 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 had | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 5,000 | case |
| 14 | 5,000 | 5000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 population | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 state | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 state | det |
| 17 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 population | conj |
| 18 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 state | acl |
| 19 | 30,000 | 30,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 km2 | compound |
| 20 | km2 | km2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 covered | obl |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 24 miles | punct |
| 22 | 11,500 | 11,500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 miles | nummod |
| 23 | square | square | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 miles | amod |
| 24 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 km2 | appos |
| 25 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 miles | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 growing | punct |
| 27 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 population | acl |
| 28 | wealthy | wealthy | ADV | _ | 27 growing | advmod |
| 29 | through | through | ADP | _ | 33 trade | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 trade | det |
| 31 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 trade | amod |
| 32 | Ocean | Ocean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 trade | compound |
| 33 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 growing | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the capital of the Mapungubwe Kingdom | a population of 5,000 and the state | by 1250 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent population=Patient | |||
| 2 | cover | participle | the state not said here | 30,000 km2 | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | grow | gerund | a population of 5,000 and the state not said here | the Indian Ocean trade | wealthy property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through trade=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/49/