gall
part of speech
noun (gall — uncountable; a gall, galls); verb (gall, galls, galled, galling)
meaning for a pupil
1) Gall is rude, bold cheek: «He had the gall to ask for more after eating mine!» tree →
2) A gall is a lump on a plant, such as an oak apple, made when an insect lays eggs in it. tree →
3) (old) Gall is bile, a bitter liquid from the liver; the gall bladder stores it. tree →
4) To gall someone is to annoy them a lot because it feels unfair. tree →
sense in the lessons
In the Tanakh and Jewish tradition: In the Torah "gall" means a bitter plant or poison, used as a picture of bitterness and wickedness. Interpretation: In Sefer Yetzirah the gall is one of the body's organs, linked with anger and the "three foes" of liver, gall and tongue. In the primary lessons: In everyday talk, «the gall of it!» shows outrage at rudeness. In science and nature lessons, oak galls are made by tiny wasps; long ago, oak galls were used to make ink. In body science, the gall bladder sits under the liver. In the Bible, «gall» means something very bitter.
examples
- For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and of the fields of Gomorrah; their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters are bitter; (Torah DEU.32.32, JPS 1917) tree →
- Three foes: the liver and the gall and the tongue. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation) tree →
- The only of the latter four terms found in humans is מָרָה marah ‘gall(bladder), bile’. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation) tree →
- Remember mine affliction and mine anguish, the wormwood and the gall. (Writings LAM.3.19, JPS 1917) tree →
- He hath builded against me, and compassed me with gall and travail. (Writings LAM.3.5, JPS 1917) tree →
- Yet his food in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him. (Writings JOB.20.14, JPS 1917) tree →
- She had the gall to push in front of me. tree →
- What gall! He took my seat and asked for my pencil. tree →
- We found round galls on the oak leaves. tree →
- Old ink was made from oak galls. tree →
- The gall bladder is near the liver. tree →
- It galls me that he got the prize for my idea. tree →
- Wasps cause galls to grow on plants. tree →
note
Uncountable in the «cheek» sense: «have the gall to do something». Adjective «galling» = annoying. Pronounced «gawl». Not to be confused with «Gaul» (old name for France) or «gal» (informal for girl).
In the corpora
- Doth one plow there with oxen? that ye have turned justice into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into wormwood;
- Yet his food in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him.
- He hath builded against me, and compassed me with gall and travail.
- Remember mine affliction and mine anguish, the wormwood and the gall.
Trees and pragmatics
Every meaning and example of «gall» parsed by Mova, each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.