up
part of speech
adverb, preposition, adjective, verb (up, ups, upped — casual)
meaning for a pupil
1) Up means toward a higher place: climb up the tree. tree →
2) Up means at a higher place: the cat is up on the roof. tree →
3) Up means more or higher in amount: prices went up. tree →
4) Up means out of bed: are you up yet? tree →
5) Up means completely, until nothing is left: eat it up, use up. tree →
6) Up means along: walk up the street. tree →
7) «What's up?» means «What is happening?» or «What is wrong?» tree →
8) (casual) «Sup» or «wassup» is a clipped «what's up»; «up for it» means willing: «you up for footy?» tree →
9) (casual) To up something is to raise it: «they upped the price by 2». tree →
10) (casual) «Time's up» means time is over; «up to you» means you decide; «what are you up to?» means what are you doing. tree →
11) (rough) «Shut up», «belt up» and «wind someone up» (tease to anger) are rough uses. tree →
12) (formal) «Increase», «ascend» and «elevate» are stiff words: «The price increased by 2 dollars.» tree →
13) Up can also be used with "grow" to mean becoming an adult, as in "children grow up". tree →
sense in the lessons
In the Tanakh and Jewish tradition: In the Torah, "up" often goes with going up to a holy place or to the land of Israel, such as going "up" to Beer-sheba. Interpretation: The Hebrew idea of "going up" (aliyah) later became a word for moving to the Land of Israel and for being called up to read the Torah. In the primary lessons: Maths: going higher (climb up, prices go up) means add; «add up» means find the total; «used up» and «gave up» mean take away; round up. Everyday phrases: get up, stand up, give up, pick up, tidy up, look up a word, up to (as many as). Safety: look up and down the street before crossing. In casual talk: «sup», «up for it», «what you up to». In the exam voice: «increased by», «ascended a total of 20 steps», «not exceeding 3». Phrases: «ups and downs», «up and down», «up to date», «up north».
examples
- And Laban came up with Jacob. (Torah GEN.31.25, JPS 1917) tree →
- And he went up from thence to Beer-sheba. (Torah GEN.26.23, JPS 1917) tree →
- And the thin ears swallowed up the seven good ears. (Torah GEN.41.24, JPS 1917) tree →
- And who hath brought up these? (Prophets ISA.49.21, JPS 1917) tree →
- And the Philistines went up to Jezreel. (Prophets 1SA.29.11, JPS 1917) tree →
- Can the rush shoot up without mire? (Writings JOB.8.11, JPS 1917) tree →
- The price went up by 2 dollars. tree →
- Add up all the numbers. tree →
- She used up 3 eggs. tree →
- He climbed up 20 steps. tree →
- Round 47 up to 50. tree →
- Time to get up for school! tree →
- You can bring up to 3 friends. tree →
- Tidy up your room, please. tree →
- sup, u up for footy? need 2 more for 5 a side (casual) tree →
- They upped the price again, 3 quid now, rip-off. (casual, annoyed) tree →
- Shut up and add them up, it's 12. (rough) tree →
- The price of a ticket increased by 2 dollars; determine the revised price given an initial price of 7 dollars. (formal exam) tree →
- All children, except one, grow up. tree →
note
«Went up by» and «add up» mean add; «used up» and «gave up» mean take away. The verb before «up» decides. Trap: «up to 3» means 3 or fewer. Opposite: down. «What's up?» is a greeting, not a direction. «Upped» (casual) = raised. «Wind up» means tease, «wound up» means upset. Formal «increased by» = went up by (add); «not exceeding» = up to.
In the corpora
- but there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground.
- And He left off talking with him, and God went up from Abraham.
- And Abraham got up early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the LORD.
- For the LORD had fast closed up all the wombs of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah Abraham's wife.
- Arise, lift up the lad, and hold him fast by thy hand; for I will make him a great nation.'
Trees and pragmatics
Every meaning and example of «up» parsed by Mova, each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.