כֶּסֶף

n.m. Gn 23:9 silver, money (NH id.; Ph. Zinj. כסף; Aramaic כַּסְפָּא, ܟܶܣܦܳܐ; Palm. כספא VogNo. 23; Assyrian kaspu; prob. the pale metal Thes al., cf. RSJPh. xiv, 125)—כ׳ abs. Gn 20:16 +, כָּ֑סֶף Ex 21:11 +; cstr. 43:21 +; sf. כַּסְפִּי Gn 42:28 + 3 times, כַּסְפְּךָ 1 K 20:3 + 2 times, כַּסְפֶּ֑ךָ Gn 17:13 Is 30:22, כַּסְפֵּךְ Is 1:22, כַּסְפֵּנוּ Gn 31:15 + 2 times, כַּסְפָּם Ho 8:4 + 6 times; pl. sf. כַּסְפֵּיהֶם Gn 42:25, 35;—silver, = silver ore, raw silver (rare and mostly late) Jb 28:1, also (in fig.) Ez 22:20, 22 Zc 13:9 Pr 2:4; 17:3; 27:21 Mal 3:3(×2) ψ 12:7; 66:10 Is 48:10; הָגוֹ סִיגים מִכּ׳ Pr 25:4 remove dross from silver, cf. כ׳ סִיגִים 26:23 and סִגִים כ׳ Ez 22:18 (MT; 𝔊 כ׳ ס׳; Co del. in view of v 20); כ׳ נִמְאָס Je 6:30 (cf. v 29), כַּסְפֵּךְ הָיָה לְסִיגִים Is 1:22. silver as bright, shining, fig. of dove’s wings כַּנְפֵי יוֹנָה נֶחְפָּה בַכֶּ֑סֶף ψ 68:14. silver, as wealth, Gn 13:2 (J) + often (c. 54 times in all; frequently with gold, etc., v. זהב); מְלֹא בֵיתוֹ כ׳ וזהב Nu 22:18; 24:13; fig. of a slave as valuable, כַּסְפּוֹ הוּא Ex 21:21 (all JE); silver as less valuable than gold 1 K 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20; cf. also 1 K 10:27 = 2 Ch 1:15; 9:27; כ׳ נִבְחָר choice silver, Pr 8:19; 10:20. silver as spoil of war (c. זהב, q.v.) Ju 5:19 2 S 8:11 = 1 Ch 18:11 + 11 times silver as merchandise Ez 27:12 Pr 3:14 (סְחַר־כ׳), Zp 1:12; cf. also 1 K 10:22 = 2 Ch 9:21. silver as costly gift (c. זהב, q.v.) 1 K 15:18, 19 = 2 Ch 16:2, 3, 2 K 16:8; 18:15 2 Ch 9:14; 17:11; 21:3 Is 60:9 Dn 11:38 (other instances under 8). silver as material (c. 117 times in all; often c. זהב, q.v.), of cup Gn 44:2 cf. v 8 (J), trumpets Nu 10:2 (P), כְּלֵי־כ׳ Gn 24:53 (J) +; of idols Ex 20:23 Is 2:20 Dt 29:16 Ez 16:17 ψ 115:4; 135:15 + 4 times, cf. Dt 7:25 Je 10:4 Hb 2:19; especially of fittings of tabern. Ex 26, 27, 36, 38 (19 times), and those offered by chiefs of people Nu 7 (28 times), etc. silver as measure of weight and value (c. 184 times):— shekels:—כ׳ שְׁלֹשִׁים שְׁקָלִים Ex 21:32 (JE), cf. 2 S 24:24 Lv 5:15 Nu 18:16 (both P), Ne 5:15; also (diff. order) חֲמִשָּׁה שׁקלים כ׳ Lv 27:6(×2) (P), cf. Jos 7:21 (JE), 2 K 15:20, and אַרְבַּע מֵאֹת שֶׁקֶל כ׳ Gn 23:15, 16, cf. Lv 27:3, 16 (all P), 1 S 9:8; once שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכּ׳ Je 32:9. more often om. שׁקל Gn 20:16; 45:22 (E), 37:28 (J), Ho 3:2 Ct 8:11 + 17 times talents:—כִּכַּר (הַ)כּ׳ Ex 38:27 (P), cf. 1 K 20:39 2 K 5:22; 15:19; 18:14; 23:33 = 2 Ch 36:3, 1 Ch 19:6 2 Ch 25:6; 27:5 Est 3:9; עֶשֶׂר כִּכְּרֵי־כ׳ 2 K 5:5; כִּכְּרַיִם כ׳ 1 K 16:24 2 K 5:23; כ׳ אלף אלפים ככרים 1 Ch 22:14 cf. 29:7 Ezr 8:26. minas:—כ׳ מָנִים חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Ezr 2:69 cf. Ne 7:70, 71. more often = money, measure of value and exchange (c. 112 times; not necess. coined) Gn 31:15 42:25, 27 (E), 43:12(×2), 15, 18 (J), Gn 23:13 Lv 27:18 Nu 3:48 (P), Ju 16:18 1 K 21:2 2 K 12:5 etc.; so ψ 68:31 Che, but see De Grill Bae, and Checrit. n.; מִקְנַת כ׳ one bought for money Gn 17:12, 13, 23, 27 Ex 12:44 (all P); כ׳ מִקְנָתוֹ Lv 25:51 (H) money for which he was bought; כ׳ מָלֵא full price Gn 23:9 (P) 1 Ch 21:22, 24; כַּסְפֵּנוּ בְּמִשְׁקָלוֹ Gn 43:21 i.e. our money in full; כ׳ מִמְכָּרוֹ Lv 25:50 the price of his sale; כ׳ אָשָׁם 2 K 12:17 trespass-money, כ׳ חַטָּאוֹת v 17 sin-money, כ׳ הַכִּפֻּרִים Ex 30:16 atonement-money, כ׳ הַפִּדְיוֹן Nu 3:49 redemption-money (both P); כ׳ עֶרְכְּךָ Lv 27:15, 19 i.e. estimated value, etc. among vbs. and phr. with כ׳ are:—צרף try, refine, Zc 13:9 Is 48:10 Mal 3:3a ψ 12:7; 66:10; זִקַּק Mal 3:3b, (cf. הִתּוּךְ Ez 22:22, √ נתך, see v 20, 21); יפּה beautify בכ׳ Je 10:4; תָּפוּשׂ כ׳ Hb 2:19 encased with gold and silver; שָׁקַל את־הַכּ׳ לְ weigh out the silver to or for a person Je 32:9 Gn 23:16 (P) Ezr 8:25, without לְ Je 32:10, cf. Ex 22:16 (E), 1 K 20:39; שׁקל כ׳ ב׳ Is 55:2 = spend money for; לֹא יִשָּׁקֵל כ׳ מְחִירָהּ Jb 28:15; וַיִּשְׁקְלוּ אֶת־שְׂבָרִי שׁלשׁים כ׳ Zc 11:12; כ׳ בַּקָּנֶה ישׁקלו Is 46:6, of weighing material for idol; מָכַר בכ׳ sell for money Am 2:6 Gn 37:28 (J), Dt 21:14; נָתַן בכ׳ Dt 2:28b 1 K 21:6, 15 Gn 23:9 (P), 1 Ch 21:22; also, of food, הִשְׁבִּיר ב׳ Dt 2:28a; נתן כ׳ השׂדה Gn 23:13 (P) pay the price of the field; קָנָה בְכ׳ buy something for money Am 8:6 Je 32:25, 44 Is 43:24 1 Ch 21:24, cf. קָנָה נֶפֶשׁ קִנְיַן כ׳ Lv 22:11 (H); שׁבר בכ׳ Dt 2:6a Is 55:1; כרה בכ׳ Dt 2:6b; peculiar is its use with פָּדָה, redeem (q.v.) in Nu 18:16; לקח כ׳ receive money 2 K 5:26; 12:8, 9; לָוָה כ׳ Ne 5:4 borrow money; הִלְוָה Ex 22:24 (JE) lend money to (c. 2 acc.); נתן כ׳ בְּנֶשֶׁךְ give money on usury Lv 25:37 (H), ψ 15:5; cf. לֹא תַשִּׁיךְ לְאָחִיךָ נֶשֶׁךְ כ׳ Dt 23:20.