עָבַר

vb. pass over, through, by, pass on (NH = BH; Zinj. עבר Haph. Lzb336 Cook88, perhaps also Nab. עבר id.ib.; 𝔗 עֲבַר, Syriac ܥܒܰܪ id.; Assyrian ebêru, id. DlHWB 10, and deriv.; Arabic عَبَرَ id., and deriv.; Sab. עבר = Heb. עִבַּר 1. MordtSab Denkm 49; עברת passage, march through DHMZMG xxix (1875), 614 also bank or neighbourhood of a stream Sab Denkm49);— Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 15:17 +, sf. עֲבָרוֹ Je 23:9; 1 s. עָבַ֫רְתִּי 1 S 15:24 +; 2 mpl. עֲבַרְתֶּם Gn 18:5 +; 1 pl. עָבַ֫רְנוּ Jos 24:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹר Am 8:5 +, יַעֲבָר־ Gn 33:14 +, sf. 3 ms. יַעַבְרֶ֫נּוּ Is 33:21; 35:8, יַעַבְרֶ֫נְהוּ Je 5:22, וַיַּעֲבֹר Gn 12:6 +; 1 s. אֶעֱבֹר Am 5:17 +, cohort. אֶעְבְּרָה Nu 21:22 +, אֶעֱבֹ֑רָה Nu 20:19 Ju 12:5, etc.; Imv. ms. עֲבֹר Ex 17:5 +; fs. עִבְרִי Mi 1:11 + 2 times; עֲבֹ֑רִי Is 23:12; mpl. עִבְרוּ Am 6:2 +; Inf. abs. עָבוֹר 2 S 17:16; cstr. עֲבֹר Am 7:8 +, לַעֲבָר־ 1 K 18:6 + Na 2:1 Qr (Kt לעבור); sf. עָבְרִי Ex 33:22 Dt 4:21, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵר Ju 8:4 +, etc.;— pass over: = cross (stream, wady, sea, etc.), (1) c. acc. Gn 31:21 (E), 32:11 (J), Jos 3:14, 17; 4:1 (all JE), Dt 2:14 (D), Nu 32:29 (P), 2 S 17:20, 22, 24 Is 16:8, + 37 times, + Gn 32:23 (E; acc. מַעֲבַר), וְעָֽבְרָה הָֽעֲבָרָה לַעֲבִיר 2 S 19:19 (read וַיַּעַבְרוּ We Dr Kit Löhr, and they crossed the ford, or וְעָֽבְרוּ frequent., HPS; > 𝔊 Klo Bu וַיַּעַבְדוּ הָעֲבֹדָה and they performed the service); also c. acc. + acc. loc. 1 S 13:7, + ה loc. Dt 4:26; 31:13, 32:47. (2) acc. om. Ju 3:28 2 S 17:16(×2) + 32 times, + עֹבֵר Ju 8:4 (read וַיַּעֲבֹר Vrss, or del. as gloss GFM Bu), 2 S 15:23a (where read עֹמֵד for MT עֹבֵר We Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS, but del. עֹבְרִים, plausibly, Klo HPS); c. אֶל־ †Nu 32:7 (JE), Dt 27:2 (D), Jos 4:13; 22:19 (both P), c. אֶל־עֵבֶר Dt 30:13, c. הָעֵבֶר 1 S 26:13; c.ה loc. †Dt 3:21; 4:14; 6:1; 11:8, 11; 34:4 Is 23:6; c. acc. loc. †Is 23:12 Je 2:10 Nu 32:32 (P). cross border, boundary, c. acc. Nu 20:17b; 21:22b (both JE), + אֶל־ 1 S 27:2; of invasion, acc. om., c. אֶל־ Ju 11:32; 12:3 1 S 14:1, 6, 8, c. ה loc. 2 K 8:21, abs. 2 Ch 21:9; cf. Jb 14:5. cross over (sc. intervening space) against (עַל־) 1 S 14:4, unto 2 S 24:20 (read אֶל־ for עַל־ Bu HPS, cf. 𝔊L), so perhaps also Is 45:14 (עַל; read אֶל?); c. acc. of goal Am 5:5; 6:2. pass, march over (sc. bodies of captives), Is 51:23(×2). = overflow, fig., Is 23:10, abs. of invasion (like a flood) Is 8:8, hence Dn 11:10, 40, Na 1:8 (cf. 4 c); of evil thoughts ψ 73:7; cf. עָֽבְרוּ דִבְרֵי־רָ֑ע Je 5:28 they overflow with evil matters. pass, go, over, of waves, over one’s head, usually c. עַל־ Is 54:9 ψ 42:8; 88:17; 124:4, 5 (all fig.), Jon 2:4; c. acc. ψ 38:5, cf. Je 23:9 over whom wine hath gone (= overcome with wine). of razor passing over head, c. עַל Nu 6:5; fig. of time passing over one, c. עַל־ 1 Ch 29:30 (cf. Biblical Aramaic חלף על Dn 4:13 +). pass over upon (עַל־), in weakened sense, nearly = come or light upon; of spirit Nu 5:14(×2), 30; abs. + מֵאֵת 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23; c. עַל־ also light upon in chastisement or judgment, Ho 10:11 Jb 13:13, cf. Na 3:19; Dt 24:5 no affair shall pass over upon (עַל־) him, i.e. no duty be laid upon him. overstep, transgress, c. acc. of covenant, command, etc. (usually divine); Nu 14:41; Jos 7:11, 15 (all JE), Dt 17:2; 26:13; Jos 23:16 (all D), Ju 2:20; 1 S 15:24; Ho 6:7; 8:1; 2 K 18:12; Je 34:18; Is 24:5 ψ 148:6 2 Ch 24:20; Dn 9:11; command of earthly king Est 3:3; abs. ψ 17:3 Jb 14:5. pass over = overlook, forgive עַל־פֶּשַׁע Mi 7:18 (+ לְ pers.), Pr 19:11; c. לְ pers. only, Am 7:8; 8:2. Pass beyond, c. acc. 1 S 14:23 (of battle), Je 5:22(×2) (of sea); + אֶל Gn 31:52(×2) (E); pass a little beyond ע׳ מְעַט מֵהָרֹאשׁ 2 S 16:1, כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם Ct 3:4; c. acc. of God’s command (פֶּה), Pr 8:29 (of sea), Nu 22:18 = 24:13 (JE); acc. om. Jb 14:5 ψ 104:9. Pass through, traverse, usually c. בְּ of land, city, etc.: Nu 21:23 (E), 20:21 Jos 18:9 (JE), Ex 12:2 (P), 1 S 9:4(×4) 2 S 20:14 (+ ה loc.), + 31 times; c. בְּתוֹךְ †Ez 9:4 Jb 15:19; c. בְּקֶרֶב of camp, nation(s) †Jos 1:11; 3:2 (D), 24:17 (E), Am 5:17 Dt 29:15; c. acc. †Dt 2:18; 29:15 Ju 11:29(×2) Is 10:29; abs. Ex 12:23 (J) 15:16 (JE), Nu 20:19, 20 (JE), Dt 2:28 Mi 5:7 La 3:44 Ez 14:15; 33:28; †opp. שׁוּב, pass through and return, go to and fro, Ex 32:27 (E; מִשַׁעַר לָשַׁעַר בְּ׳), pt. abs. those going to and fro Ez 35:7 Zc 7:14; 9:8. c. בְּ of river 2 S 19:19 + 15:23 (but read עֹמֵד We Dr Bu al.), of sea Zc 10:11, cf. Is 43:2 ψ 66:6, c. בְּתוֹךְ Nu 33:8 (P), Ne 9:11; c. בְּ of gates Is 62:10(×2); cf. עֹבְרֵי בְּעֵמֶק ψ 84:7 (Ges§ 130 a). pt. abs. הָעֹבְרִים the passers-through Ez 39:11a, read prob. הָעֲבָרִים (JDMich Hi Co Berthol), v 11b (Co reads אֶת־הַגַּיְא; Toy del. as gloss), v 14 (del. 𝔊 𝔖 Co Toy Berthol). pass through between (בֵּין) parts of victim, in covenant Gn 15:17 (J), Je 34:18, 19. traverse c. acc. of expanse of water Is 33:21 (of ship). pass along by (עַל־), Gn 18:5 (J; not סַרְתֶּם אֶל־ Ball after 𝔊), 1 K 9:8 Je 18:16 + 14 times; c. עַל־פָּנָיו †Ex 34:6 (J); c. acc. †Gn 32:32 Ju 3:26 (on other possibilities v. GFM), 2 K 6:9; abs. pass by Ex 33:22(×2) (J), 2 K 4:8 + 15 times, + (of wind) Jb 37:21 Pr 10:25 and (of waters, = flow past) Hb 3:10 (cf. Jb 6:15), Jb 11:16, hence מוֹר עֹבֵר Ct 5:5, 13 flowing myrrh (liquid, opp. hard = מ׳ דְּרוֹר Ex 30:23); pt. = passer-by Mi 2:8 Ez 5:14; 36:34; 39:15 + 6 times. (Pr 26:10 v. Toy), + עֹבֵר אֹרַח Is 33:8, עֹבְרֵי דֶרֶךְ †La 1:12; 2:15 Jb 21:29 Pr 9:15 ψ 80:13; 89:42; pass by = overtake and pass c. acc. †2 S 18:23. pass by, בְּ rei, ψ 103:16 (of wind); cf. Dt 2:4. sweep by, of scourge (fig.) Is 28:15, 18, 19 (cf. מַעֲבָר 3). be past, over, of time, etc., Am 8:5 1 K 18:29 Gn 50:4 Ct 2:11 + 7 times pass along (from hand to hand), only pt. שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר Gn 23:16 i.e. current money of the merchant (v. BuTh Lz 1892(3), 63); כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר 2 K 12:5 (v. עֵרֶךְ). Pass on, go on: abs. Gn 18:5 (J), Nu 22:26 (E), Ju 12:1 + 20 times, + Ju 11:29; 18:13 Jos 10:29 (D; all c. acc. of goal + מִן), Gn 18:3 (J; c. מֵעַל pers.); also c. אֶל־ pers. vel rei, proceed unto 1 K 19:19 2 K 4:8 Ne 2:14, c. עַל־ pers. (read אֶל־?) La 4:21; c. מִן Ru 2:8, out of the city 2 S 15:24; c. ה loc. Ju 12:1 2 S 19:41, c. ה loc. + מִן Jos 10:31, 34 (D); ע׳ מֵעִיר לָעִיר בארץ 2 Ch 30:10; abs. 2 S 19:41 all the people of Judah proceeding with the king (read עֹבְרִים for ויעברו, v. Hiph. ad fin.). specif. of boundary-line, pass on, c. ה loc. Nu 34:4(×2) Jos 15:3, 4; 16:6 (om. אוֹתוֹ 𝔊 𝔙 cf. BennHpt Steuern); + מִן 19:13 + מִן + אֶל־ 18:13; c. מִן + לְ 15:6; c. אֶל־ 15:7, 10; 16:2; 18:18, 19; c. acc. loc. 15:3, 10, 11 (all P, except Jos 16:2 JE). c. לִפְנֵי pass on before, go in advance of Gn 32:17 Ex 17:5 (both E), Gn 32:22; 33:3, 14 (all J), Dt 9:3 + 7 times, + Dt 3:18, 28; 31:3(×2) Jos 1:14 (all D) where ref. may be to crossing in advance of; c. עַל־פְּנֵו 2 S 15:18 so v 23b (reading עַל־פָּנָיו 𝔊L We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS). pass on as far as (עַד), Ju 19:12, + מִן v 18; c. אַחֲרֵי after 2 S 20:13; תַּעֲבָר־כּוֹם עַל La 4:21 pass on unto (cf. תִּסּוֹב Hb 2:16). pass on into (בְּ), Jos 3:11 (+ לִפְנֵי), 4:7 (both JE), cf. Ju 9:26 Jb 33:28, so also ע׳ בִּבְרִית י׳ Dt 29:11 enter into a covenant with י׳; (Klo reads וַיַּעֲבֹר בַּבּ׳ also 2 K 23:3 for MT ויעמד). pass on away from (מֵאֵת) Dt 2:8 (+ ה loc.). pass on in order, for counting 2 S 2:15, עַל־יְדֵי מוֹנֶה Je 33:13, עֹבֵר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִים Ex 30:13, 14; 38:26, also pass on under (תַּחַת) rod Lv 27:32 (for counting; all P; cf. Hiph. 3 d). pass along, travel c. acc. of way Is 35:8 cf. 51:10; עֹבֵר אָרְחוֹת יַמִּים ψ 8:9; c. בְּ of way Jos 3:4 Pr 4:15; 7:8. pass on, advance, abs., ψ 48:5 (Ol We pass away, perish), Mi 2:13a (acc. loc.). Pass away: emigrate, leave one’s territory or city Mi 1:11. vanish, of chaff, Is 29:5 cf. Je 13:24, shadow ψ 144:4, brooks Jb 6:15 (all in sim.), Ct 5:6. = cease to exist, perish Na 1:12 Jb 30:15; 33:18 (בְּ instr.), 36:12 (id.), 34:20 ψ 37:36 (but read ואעבר and I passed by, cf. 4 a), cf. Is 31:9 (סלעו subj.), מֵאֱלֹהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר 40:27 pass away from. = become invalid, obsolete, of law, decree, Est 1:19; 9:27, also v 28 (+ מִתּוֹךְ הַיְהוּדִים). c. מִן of hands ψ 81:7 (i.e. they were freed from). = be alienated, pass into other hands Ez 48:14 (reading Kt; > Qr Hiph.).—Je 2:20 read אֶעֱבוֹד Kt (not אֶעֱבוֹר Qr); וָאֶתֵּן לָהֶם יַעַבְרוּם 8:13 and I gave to them that which they transgress 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Aq Symm Ew, those that shall pass over them Hi Gf Ke RVm, those that shall consume, devour them RothstKau (reading יְבַעֲרוּם) but all very dub.; 𝔊 Co del.; 11:15 read Hiph. q.v.; מִנֹּגַהּ נֶגְדּוֹ עָבָיו עָֽבְרוּ ψ 18:13 is difficult; perhaps best, as Che KitKau Löhr, out of the brightness before him issued forth hailstones, etc. (del. עָבָיו); > ‖ 2 S 22:13 בָּֽעֲרוּ and so here Bu HPS cf. WoodsHbr 1887, 262, his clouds burned with hailstons, etc.; read rather עברו in 2 S. Impf. 3 ms. נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵעָבֵר Ez 47:5 a stream which cannot be forded. Pf. 3 ms. שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר Jb 21:10 his bull impregnateth (cf. NH מְעֻבֶּרֶת pregnant, Yeb 4:1, 2; 7:3 Keth 1:9; but note also that in 𝔗J and Talm. (both Aramaic and Heb.) עִבַּר = conceive, עִבּוּר conception, עוֹבֵר embryo.) abs. (proposes causeth to pass over, sc. semen).* Impf. 3 ms. וַיְעַבֵּר בְּ׳ 1 K 6:21 he made to pass across with chains of gold.— v. [עָבַר] infr. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיר 2 S 12:13 +; 2 ms. הֵעֲבַ֫רְתָּ Jos 7:7 (Ges§ 63 p), וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֫ Ez 5:1 +; 1 s. הֶעֱבַ֫רְתִּי Zc 3:4, וְהַעֲבַרְתִּ֫י Ez 20:37 + Je 15:14 (but read והעבדתי 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Codd Ew Hi Gf Gie), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵר Gn 8:1 +, וַיַּעֲבֶר־ 2 Ch 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, sf. וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי Ez 46:21 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הַעֲבֵר ψ 119:37 + 2 times, הַעֲבֶר־ 2 S 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8; mpl. sf. הַעֲבִירוּנִי 2 Ch 35:23; Inf. abs. הַעֲבִיר Jos 7:7 (read prob. הַעֲבֵיר); cstr. הַעֲבִיר 2 S 3:10 +, לַעֲבִיר 2 S 19:19 (Ges§ 53 q), etc.; Pt. מַעֲבִיר Dt 18:10 Dn 11:20, pl. מַעֲבִרִים 1 S 2:24 (v. infr.);— cause to pass over, bring over: cause one to cross river, c. 2 acc., Gn 32:24 (J), Nu 32:5 Jos 7:7 (both JE), 2 S 19:16, 42; acc. of river om. Gn 32:24 (J), Jos 4:3; 7:7 (+ Inf. abs.; both JE), 4:8 (JE; + אֶל־), 2 S 2:8 (+ acc. loc.). cause something to pass over (עַל־): razor (acc.) Nu 8:7 (P), cf. Ez 5:1 (where Co reads sf. of razor), wind Gn 8:1 (P). make over to (ל), acc. of inheritance Nu 27:7, 8 (P); of making over, dedicating, something to (לְ) deity Ex 13:12 (JE; = קִדַּשׁ). Especially devote children to (לְ) heathen god Je 32:35 Ez 23:37 (+ לְאָכְלָה), Lv 18:21 (H), cf. Ez 16:21; + בָּאֵשׁ by fire 2 K 23:10; c. acc. alone devote Ez 20:26; c. acc. + בָּאֵשׁ alone, devote by fire Dt 18:10 2 K 16:3; 17:17; 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6, Ez 20:31 (on the practice cf. NowArch. ii. 205 f. BenzArch. 433 f. Toy Ez:16:20; 20:26 GFMJBL xvi (1897), 161 ff.). cause to pass through, c. acc. + בְּ Ez 14:15; 47:3, 4 + v 4 (where ins. בְּ, cf. Co Berthol Toy), Nu 31:23(×2) (P); c. acc. + בְּתוֹךְ ψ 136:14; c. acc. pers. alone 78:13, + אֶל־ Ez 46:21, + עַד־אֲשֶׁר Ne 2:7; c. acc. of (sound of) שׁוֹפָר Lv 25:9 (H), + בְּ v 9 (P); c. acc. קוֹל = proclamation, + בְּ Ex 36:6 (P), 2 Ch 30:5; 36:22 = Ezr 1:1, Ezr 10:7 (+ לִ pers.), Ne 8:15. let pass through, c. acc. + בְּ pers. Dt 2:30. cause to pass by, c. acc. + עַל־, Ez 37:2 (+ סָבִיב סָבִיב), + עַל־פְּנֵי Ex 33:19 (J), + לִפְנֵי 1 S 16:8, 10 and (לִפְנֵי om.) v 9. let pass by, c. acc. מוֹעֵד Je 46:17 he hath let the set time pass by (in mocking appell. of Pharaoh). cause arrow to pass beyond one 1 S 20:36. cause to pass under rod, for counting, Ez 20:37 (cf. Qal 5 g). Cause to pass away, take away, kingdom (acc.) + מִן pers. 2 S 3:10, cf. Est 8:2, put off robe + מֵעַל Jon 3:6; c. acc. of sin 2 S 12:13 (חַטָּאת) 24:10 = 1 Ch 21:8; Jb 7:21 (עָוֹן), + מֵעַל pers. Zc 3:4; Je 11:15 (reading יַעֲבִרוּ מֵעַל Ew Gf Gie); put away evil (acc.) from (מִן), 1 K 15:12 cf. ‖ 2 Ch 15:8; Zc 13:2; Ec 11:10; c. acc. alone ψ 119:39 Est 8:3; also take me away (sf.) 2 Ch 35:23 (c. מִן) v 24; turn away eyes (acc.) + מִן ψ 119:37.—Gn 47:21 read הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים Sam 𝔊 𝔙 Ol Kn Di Kau Holz; Je 15:14 read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ 𝔊 𝔗 Codd Gie; 2 S 12:31 read וְהֶעֱבִיד HoffmZAW ii (1882), 53 f. Gr Klo Bu Kit HPS, cf. Dr Löhr; 2 S 19:41 (for ויעברו Kt, הֶעֱבִרוּ Qr) read עֹבְרִים 𝔊 We Bu Löhr HPS, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Kit (v. Qal 5 a); Ez 48:14 read Qal (so Kt; v. Qal 6 f); מַעֲבִרִים עַם־י׳ 1 S 2:24 not good is the report which I hear the people of י׳ spreading (cf. 2), so Ew Th We Dr Kit Löhr RVm, but order of words difficult; > (ye) make the people of י׳ transgress 𝔙 AV RV; text dub.; מַעֲבִיר נוֹגֵשׂ Dn 11:20 one causing an exactor to pass through Ew al. RV, Bev proposes נוֹגֵשׂ מ׳ an exactor causing to pass away the glory, etc.