רוּחַ
Used: 378 times · Key: 7307 · BDB: רוּחַ
Glosses
spirit (80); the.spirit (62); a.spirit (48)
Meaning (OSHB)
breath tree →
Meaning (BDB 1906)
n.f. tree →
The whole BDB entry
n.f. Gn 41:8 (less often m. Nu 11:31) breath, wind, spirit;—abs. ר׳ Gn 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Je 52:23; cstr. רוּחַ Gn 6:17 +; sf. רוּחִי v 3 +, רוּחֲךָ ψ 104:30 +, etc.; pl. רוּחוֹת v 4 +, רֻחוֹת Je 49:36, רוּחֹת Nu 16:22; 26:16 (v. Brרוה in OT, JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages);— breath of mouth or nostrils (33 times): רוּחַ פִּיו Jb 15:30 breath of his mouth, cf. 19:17; רוּחַ אַפֵּינוּ La 4:20 (fig. of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Je 10:14 = 51:17, Hb 2:19 ψ 135:17; cf. Jb. 9:18 as mere breath: cf. 2 e. דִּבְרֵי־רוּחַ Jb 16:3 i.e. windy words; לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי נוֹאָשׁ Jb 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Je 5:13. as word of command: (1) of God: בְּרוּחַ פִּיו כָּל־ (נעשׂו) צְבָאָם ψ 33:6, cf. Is 34:16 (‖ פֶּה); (2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Is 11:4. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger: (1) of God: מֵרוּחַ אַפּוֹ יִכְלוּ Jb 4:9 Ex 15:8 (poem), 2 S 22:16 = ψ 18:16, Is 30:28; 59:19; (2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Is 25:4. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַוִּים breath of life Gn 6:17; 7:15 (P); נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַפָּיו Gn 7:22 (P); Ez 37:5, cf. v 6, 8, 9(×3), 10, 14 (breath or spirit), Ec 3:19. wind (117 times): wind of heaven: Gn 8:1 (P) Ex 15:10 (E) Nu 11:31 (J) 1 K 18:45 +, Je 10:13, thence 51:16 ψ 135:7; רוּחַ י׳ Ho 13:15 Is 40:7, cf. Jb 26:13 (Di Bu); †רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Ex 10:13(×2); 14:21 (J) ψ 48:8 Je 18:17 Ez 17:10; 19:12; 27:26 Jon 4:8; †ר׳ צָפוֹן north wind Pr 25:23; †ר׳ יָם sea wind (west wind) Ex 10:19 (J); †ר׳ הַיּוֹם day wind, evening wind Gn 3:8 (J; cf. Ct 2:17; 4:6); †אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת four winds Je 49:36 Ez 37:9 (quarters?) Dn 8:8; 11:4 (fig. quarters; cf. b), Zc 2:10; 6:5; רוּחַ סְעָרָה storm wind ψ 107:25; 148:8 Ez 1:4 (ר׳ סְעָרוֹת), 13:11, 13; רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind ψ 55:9 (read poss. סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֹ Is 11:15 (read בְּעֹצֶם ר׳, v. עֲיָם, עֹצֶם), etc.; wind personif.: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 S 22:11 = ψ 18:11, 104:3, cf. Ho 4:19 ψ 104:4. quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ez 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֹן v 17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֹם v 18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם v 19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת v 20 1 Ch 9:24 four sides; ר֑וּחָה Je 52:23 on the sides. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Je 14:6; רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵינֵיהֶם Jb 41:8. air, gas, from womb (dub.); כְּמוֹ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Is 26:18 (Di, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Is 33:11 (Du, 3 c). vain, empty thing: רוּחַ חַיְּי֑ Jb 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ 15:2; רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Is 41:29; רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Ec 1:14; 2:11, 17, 26; 4:4, 6; 6:9; cf. 1:17; 4:16; 5:15 Ho 12:2 ψ 78:39. spirit, as breathing quickly in animation, agitation = temper, disposition (76 times; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב): spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֹד רוּחַ 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4; מַה־זֶּה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1 K 21:5; וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Gn 45:27 (E); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֹ Ju 15:19; 1 S 30:12. courage: לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֹד ר׳ Jos 5:1; יִבְצֹר ר׳ נְגִידִים ψ 76:13; וְנָֽבְקָה ר׳ מִצְרַיִם Is 19:3; תתעטּף רוּחִי ψ 77:4; 142:4; 143:4; עוֹד ר׳ לֹא קָמָה Jos 2:11; ר׳ אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ Pr 18:14. temper, especially anger: רוּחָ רָעָה בֵּין וגו׳ Ju 9:23; אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם 8:3; משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ Pr 16:32, cf. 25:28; 29:11; Jb 15:13; הֵנִיחוּ אֶת־רוּחִי Zc 6:8; Ec 7:9; 10:4. impatience or patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Ex 6:9 (P) impatience, hastiness of temper, cf. (of י׳) Mi 2:7; קְצַר־רוּחַ Pr 14:29 (‖ אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם); הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Jb 32:18 (Du breath; Di Bu divine spirit, cf. v 8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹא־תִקְצַר רוּחִי Jb 21:4; הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י׳ Mi 2:7; אֶרֶךְ ר׳ Ec 7:8. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(י) (his) spirit was troubled Gn 41:8 (E) Dn 2:3, cf. v 1; מֹרַת רוּחַ Gn 26:35 (P) bitterness of spirit; עֲצוּבַת ר׳ Is 54:6, cf. Ez 3:14; Jb 6:4. as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָל־רוּחַ Ez 21:12, cf. Is 61:3; Pr 15:4, 13; 17:22; 18:14 ψ 143:7. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ 1 Ch 5:26(×2;) 2 Ch 21:16; 36:22; Ezr 1:1, 5; Je 51:11; Hg 1:14(×3); הִנְנִי ן(וֹ)תֵן בּוֹ רוּחַ 2 K 19:7 = Is 37:7; Nu 14:24 (J; v. עִם 4 b), Mal 2:15(×2), 16; Dt 2:30; רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Nu 5:14(×2), 30 (P); רוּחַ זְנוּנִים Ho 4:12; 5:4; רוּחַ עִוְעִים Is 19:14; רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט 28:6; אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים בּוֹ (administrative) Gn 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Pr 17:27. prophetic spirit: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ רוּחַ בּוֹ Nu 27:18 (P; or g, as Gn 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַל־אֱלִישָׁע 2 K 2:15, cf. v 9; רוּחַ תַּרְדֵּמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, cf. Gn 2:21; 15:12, but Di al. g, as Is 19:14) Is 29:10; Mi 2:11; רוּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה Zc 13:2 (of lying proph.), cf. Ez 13:3. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, ‖ נֶפֶשׁ (25 times): gift and creation of God: יֹצֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֹ Zc 12:1; רוּחַ אֱלוֹהַּ בְּאַפִּי Jb 27:3, cf. Is 42:5. God preserves it: פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ שָֽׁמְרָה רוּחִי Jb 10:12, cf. 12:10; אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר Nu 16:22; 27:16 (P); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֹת Pr 16:2. it is therefore God’s spirit: Gn 6:3 (J; v. דִּין ad fin.). it departs at death: ψ 78:39 (Dr a wind that passeth away 2 e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Is 38:16 (Di principle of life), ψ 146:4; especially 104:29, 30; Jb 17:1; 34:14 (cf. v 15), Is 57:16; Ec 8:8(×2) (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ מַה־דֶּרֶךְ הָרוּחַ Ec 11:5, cf. 3:21; over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ 12:7; בְּיָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי ψ 31:6. disembodied being (dub., Di Du breath of wind): וְרוּחַ עַל־פָּנַי יַחֲלֹף Jb 4:15. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ: desire (poss. 3 g), Is 26:9 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ). sorrow, trouble (prob. 3 e), Jb 7:11 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).—1 S 1:15 v. קָשֶׁה. occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, ‖ לֵב, or synon. with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Ex 28:3; Dt 34:9 (both P; prob. 3 g); תֹּעֵי רוּחַ Is 29:24, cf. Jb 20:3 (Hi Bu Du wind of Job’s words), ψ 77:7 (𝔊 Sym 𝔖 Jer troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Is 40:13; come into mind Ez 11:5, 20:32 (cf. לֵב Is 65:17; Je 3:16 +); 1 Ch 28:12. rarely of the will; also = לֵב: רוּחַ נָכוֹן ψ 51:12 (= לֵב נָכוֹן 57:8(×2) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה v 14; נָֽדְבָה רוּחוֹ Ex 35:21 (P; cf. נְדִיב לֵב Ex 35:5, 22 (P) 2 Ch 29:31). רוּחַ especially of moral character; also = לֵב: רוחֵ חֲדָשָׁה Ez 11:19; 18:31; 36:26; רוּחִו v 27 Is 59:21 (רוּחִי, ‖ דְּבָרַי; but prob. prophetic spirit 9 b); לֵב חָדָשׁ Ez 18:31; 36:26; נְכֵה רוּחַ Is 66:2; דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ ψ 34:19 (cf. לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Is 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Is 65:14 (cf. 3 f); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרָה ψ 51:19; (‖ לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, cf. נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב 34:19 Is 61:1); ψ 32:2; Pr 11:13; 16:18 ψ 78:8 Ec 7:8 (cf. גְּבַהּ לֵב Pr 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Pr 16:19; 29:23; Is 57:15; רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים v 15 (cf. 3 f). spirit of God (94 times; not D or Je or any Deut. writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy prob. discredited from abuse by false prophets, v. נביא, נבא): as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Nu 11:17, 25(×2), 26, 29 (J), 1 S 10:6, 10 (cf. v 5), 19:20, 23; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as ר׳ אֱלֹהִים רָעָה 1 S 16:15(×2), 16, = ר׳ רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳ v 14 = צלח ר׳ א׳ רָעָה 18:10 (other narrative) = ר׳ י׳ רָעָה 19:9; ר׳ א׳ 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה v 23, cf. הָרוּחַ 1 K 22:21 = ר׳ שֶׁקֶר v 22, 23 = 2 Ch 18:20, 21, 22 = רוּחַ י׳ 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:23; cf. also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, ‖ הַנָּבִיא Ho 9:7; רוּחַ י׳ Mi 3:8 (‖ כֹּחַ) is prob. gloss. (We Now); וְלֹא רוּחִי Is 30:1; רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ez 2:2; 3:12, 14, 24; 8:3; 11:1, 5, 24 (Co gloss.), 37:1; 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), cf. Elijah 1 K 18:12; 2 K 2:16. spirit as impelling proph. to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition prob. Nu 24:2; 2 S 23:2; 1 Ch 12:18; elsewhere in Ch.: 2 Ch 15:1; 20:14; 24:20; distinctly in Is 11:2, 48:16, cf. 61:1; so of ancient prophets, Zc 7:12 Ne 9:30, cf., of future prophetic gift, Jo 3:1, 2. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מושִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Isr.: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ י׳ על Ju 3:10; 11:29, cf. 6:34; 13:25; 14:6, 19; 15:14; 1 S 11:6; 16:13, 14; so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֹם Is 32:15; (2) resting upon Messianic king: Is 11:2(×3); upon servant of י׳, 42:1. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Ex 31:3; 35:31 (P); understanding Jb 32:8 (‖ נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom Pr 1:23. as energy of life: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Gn 1:2 (P); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Jb 33:4 (‖ נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opp. בָּשָׂר: Is 31:3; in cherubic chariot: Ez 1:12, cf. v 20, 21; 10:17; reviving Israel Ez 39:29; Zc 12:10; Is 44:3. = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: ר׳ קָדְשׁוֹ Is 63:10, 11 = ר׳ י׳ v 14 (= מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו v 9), cf. ψ 106:33; so also ר׳ קָדְשְׁךָ ψ 51:13 (in national prayer), cf. Ne 9:20 ψ 143:10; proph. of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֹכֲכֶם Hg 2:5; Zc 4:6; this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, ψ 139:7 (‖ פָּנֶיךָ; cf. v 8).
Why these entries: BDB: headword, part of speech agrees, 300 of its verses cited, 0 words shared with the glosses, lists its Strong's number (14 candidates); OSHB: headword, part of speech agrees, 1 words shared with the BDB entry, 1 with the glosses (10 candidates)
Trees and pragmatics
Every English meaning of «רוּחַ» parsed by Mova, each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.
In the verses
בְּר֥וּחַ קָדִ֑ים תְּ֝שַׁבֵּ֗ר אֳנִיּ֥וֹת תַּרְשִֽׁישׁ׃
Word for word: with a.wind of.[the].east you.shatter (the).ships of.Tarshish
JPS 1917: With the east wind Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish.
יִ֭בְצֹר ר֣וּחַ נְגִידִ֑ים נ֝וֹרָ֗א לְמַלְכֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃
Word for word: he.humbles [the].spirit of.rulers [he.is].to.be.feared by.[the] kings of.[the].earth
JPS 1917: He minisheth the spirit of princes; He is terrible to the kings of the earth.
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