שָׁכַם

vb. denom. start, rise, early (proposes load backs of beasts for day’s journey);—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁכִּים 2 S 15:2; Jb 1:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּשְׁכֵּם Gn 19:27 +, 2 ms. תַּשְׁכִּים Ju 9:33, etc.; Imv. הַשְׁכֵּם Ex 8:16 +; Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּם Je 7:25 +, -כֵּים Je 44:4; Pr 27:14, erron. אַשְׁכֵּים Je 25:3 (Ges§ 53 k); Pt. מַשְׁכִּים Ho 6:4 +, etc.;—rise early, make an early start, of journey (Hex only JE); לְדַרְכְּכֶם Ju 19:9 (+ מָחָר), cf. Ct 7:13; + vb. of going Gn 19:2 (J), standing 2 S 15:2, encamping Ju 7:1, etc.; + inf. 1 S 15:12 (cf. Dr), 29:11; 2 K 6:15 (לָקוּם), מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם ψ 127:2 (opp. מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת); usually c. בַּבֹּקֶר Gn 19:27 (J; אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם), 1 S 29:10(×2) + 27 times, + (hyperbol.) מַשְׁכִּימֵי בַבּ׳ שֵׁבָר יִרְרֹּ֑פוּ Is 5:11 (‖ מְאַחֲרֵי בַנֶּשֶׁף); c. מִמָּחֳרָת Ex 32:6 (E), Ju 6:28 + 3 times; c. בַּעֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר Jos 6:15 (J), 1 S 9:26; וַיְמַהֲרוּ וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ וַיֵּצְאוּ Jos 8:14 (J) they made a quick and early start, and went out; †Inf. abs. (Ges§ 113 s) as adv. הַשׁ׳ וְהַעֲרֵב 1 S 17:16 at early morning and at evening; especially of י׳, in Je: הַשׁ׳ וְדַבֵּר = speaking early and often 7:13; 35:15 and (of Je) 25:3, cf. 11:7; 32:33; often הַשׁ׳ וְשָׁלוֹחַ = sending early and often 7:25; 25:4; 26:5; 29:19; 35:15; 44:4, also 2 Ch 36:15; so vb. fin. הִשְׁכִּימוּ הִשְׁחִיתוּ Zp 3:7 = with eagerness they corrupted (Ges§ 120 g); pt. כַּטַּל מַשְׁ׳ הֹלֵךְ Ho 6:4 like the dew departing early, 13:3 (Ges ib.).—1 S 9:26 read וַיִּשְׁכַּב, v. שׁכב.