שֶׁלֶם

n.[m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’ (expl. disputed: orig. sacrif. for alliance Di; al. peace-offering (mark of peace with God), 𝔊Sm K Pr εἰρηνική, De StaG i. 496 WeHeid. 71 (fellowship between God and worshippers); welfare-offering, 𝔊 elsewhere σωτήριον, Ke; thank-offering (as due rendered for benefit, or in paying vow, cf. √ Pi. 4, and Pr 7:14) Ges Ew Kn; sacred meal its special feature: v. RSSem. i. 219; 2nd ed. 237; NowArch. ii. 211f. GFMEncy. Bib. Sacrifice, § 11; Assyrian šulmu = שֶׁלֶם is cited by J JeremEncy. Bib. Ritual, § 11);—cstr. שׁ׳ Am 5:22; elsewhere pl. שְׁלָמִים Ex 24:5 + 69 times; cstr. שַׁלְמֵי Lv 10:14; sf. שְׁלָמֶ֫יךָ Ex 20:24, etc.; pl. is abstr. intens. Lv 7:13; Nu 6:17 (P) +; pl. of no. Ex 24:5 (JE), 1 S 11:15 +; usually hard to decide; שׁ׳ (in app.) defines זְבָחִים Ex 24:5 (JE), and so זבח of covt. of Horeb is שׁ׳, as also sacrifice for Saul 1 S 11:15; foll. phr. shew שׁ׳ essentially = זבהים in like phr. (v. זבח); שׁ׳ coming to mean ז׳ in all ritual; over against עוֹלוֹת Ex 20:24; 32:6 (JE), Lv 6:5 (P), Dt 27:7; Jos 8:31 (D), Ju 20:26; 21:4; 1 S 13:9; 2 S 6:17, 18; 24:25; 1 K 3:15; 9:25; 1 Ch 16:1, 2; 21:26; 2 Ch 31:2; Ez 43:27; 45:17; 46:2, 12; so in longer lists Lv 9:4, 22; Nu 6:14; 29:39 (P), 1 K 8:64(×2); 16:13; 2 Ch 7:7; 29:35; Ez 45:15, 17; 46:12; and when שׁ׳ alone Lv 7:14, 33; in P שׁ׳ defines ז׳ in cstr. sg. or pl.: Ex 29:28 Lv 3:1 + 34 times P, Lv 17:5; 19:5; 22:21; 23:19 (H), so 1 S 10:8; 1 K 8:63; 2 Ch 30:22; 33:16; Pr 7:14; ז׳ שׁ׳ of H and P incl. תודה, נדר, נדבה Lv 7:12, 16, and so זבח תודה שׁ׳ v 13, 15; שׁ׳ disting. from (larger) ז׳ in lists שָׁ׳, ז׳, עולות Jos 22:27 (P); נדר, ז׳, עלה Nu 15:8 (P); שׁ׳ disting. from נְדָבָה Ez 46:12 (where may = either of other two); from נדרים, נדבות Nu 29:39 (P) (and must then ref. to תודות); from נדר Nu 15:8 (P); appar. then not disting. from תּוֹדוֹת, תּוֹדָה 2 Ch 33:16 being probably specification.