שָׂנֵא

vb. hate (NH id.; MI4 שנאי my foes; Sab. שנאם foe Sab.DenkmNo. 12, l, 9 cf. Ib.No. 7, l. 9 CISiv, No. 173, l. 6; Arabic شنأ, شَنَىَٔ, hate; Aramaic סְנָא, ܣܢܳܐ, id., סָנְאָה, ܣܳܢܳܐܐ hater, etc.; Ethiopic hate is ጸልአ: );— Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Dt 12:31 +, sf. שְׂנֵאָהּ 2 S 13:15 +; 2 ms. שָׂנֵאתָ ψ 5:6 +, sf. שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Ju 14:16, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂנָא Pr 13:5; 26:28, sf. יִשְׂנָאֶ֑ךָּ 9:8, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׂנְאוּ Am 5:15 ψ 97:10; Inf. abs. שָׂנֹא Ju 15:2; cstr. שְׂנֹא Gn 37:5 +, שְׂנֹאת Pr 8:13; Pt. act. שֹׂנֵא Dt 4:42 +, שֹׂנַאֲךָ Ex 23:5 Pr 25:21; pl. cstr. שֹׂנְאֵי Ex 18:21 +, etc.; pass. fs. שְׂנוּאָה Gn 29:31 +; mpl. cstr. שְׂנֻאֵי 2 S 5:8 Qr (> Kt שָֽׂנְאוּ);—hate (often opp. אָהֵב): human; c. acc. pers. Gn 26:27 (J), 37:5, 8 (E), Ju 11:7; 2 S 13:22; Am 5:10 (‖ תֵּעֵב) + 17 times (evil-doers †ψ 26:5; 31:7; 139:21), + (obj. wife) Ju 14:16; 15:2(×2); + pt. pass., of wife, †Gn 29:31(×2) (J), Dt 21:15(×2), 16, 17, cf. Pr 30:23; fig. of Zion Is 60:15 (+ עֲזוּבָה); specif. of sexual revulsion †2 S 13:15(×2) (+ acc. cogn.), Dt 22:13, 16; 24:3; so, obj. man (of Jerus. under fig. of harlot) †Ez 16:37; pass. שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד 2 S 5:8 (but v. obscure); reflex. (acc. נַפְשׁוֹ) †Pr 29:24, abs. †Ec 3:8. c. acc. rei, Ez 35:6 (but read בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ 𝔊 𝔖 Co Berthol Toy), Ec 2:17, 18, especially evil Ex 18:21 (E), Mi 3:2 ψ 45:7 + 10 times, virtue, etc. Mi 3:2 Pr 1:22 + 4 times subj. י׳; obj. perverse Isr. †Am 6:8 (its palaces), Ho 9:15 Je 12:8; wickedness ψ 5:6; 11:5; idolatry and evil Am 5:21 Is 1:14; 61:8; Je 44:4; Mal 2:16 + 5 times Pt.act.54 as adj. Is 66:5 (as vb. c. 1 s. pron. 61:8, 2 supr.); usually subst., Pr 13:24 one hating his son (opp. אֹהֵב); elsewhere = enemy, foe (usually cstr. or c. sf.), sg. and pl. (often ‖ אֹיֵב, sometimes opp. אֹהֵב): foe of man Ex 23:5 (E), Gn 24:60 (J), Lv 26:17 (H) +, nation Ex 1:10 (E), Est 9:1, 5, 16 +, abs. Pr 26:24; 27:6, (c. 31 times in all); + לֹא שֹׂנֵא c. ל pers., a no-hater to one Dt 4:42; 19:4, 6; Jos 20:5, and (without לֹא) Dt 19:11; foe of good Mi 3:2, cf. Jb 34:17 + 3 times, of evil †Ex 18:21; Pr 28:1, cf. 15:27; of suretyship †11:15 (i.e. not giving it); foes of י׳ †Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9; Dt 7:10(×2); 2 Ch 19:2. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂנֵא Pr 14:17 is hated, so v 20 (+ ל pers. by, v. לְ 5 d). Pt. sf. מְשַׂנְאִי Jb 31:29; ψ 55:13; pl. cstr. מְשַׂנְאֵי 81:16; sf. מְשַׂנְאַי 2 S 22:41 +, etc.;—enemy (Qal 3) ‖ אֹיֵב, צָר, etc.: personal and national, Jb 31:29 Dt 33:11 (poem), 2 S 22:41 = ψ 18:41, ψ 44:8, 11; 55:13; 68:2; 89:24. of י׳ Nu 10:35 (J), Dt 32:41 (poem), ψ 81:16; 83:3; 139:21. of wisdom Pr 8:36.