שַׁעַר

n.m. 2 S 18:24 (f. Is 14:31 in personif., AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 86) gate;—שׁ׳ abs. Ju 9:40 +, cstr. Gn 22:17 +; c. ה loc., שָׁ֑עְרָה Is 28:6 +; pl. שְׁעָרִים 2 S 18:24 +, cstr. שַׁעֲרֵי 1 S 17:52 +; sf. שְׁעָרֶיךָ Dt 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Ez 21:20; 48:34, etc.;— gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Jos 2:5, 7 (JE), cf. Is 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Ne 7:3, cf. Is 60:11; for entrance (בּוֹא), and exit (יָצָא) Je 17:19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27; La 4:12; Ez 26:10 +; עָבַר שׁ׳ Mi 2:13 pass out through (disreg.accents), ע׳ בַּשׁ׳ Is 62:10; with bars ψ 147:13; attacked Ez 21:20, 27, cf. Is 28:6; Mi 1:9, 12; 1 S 17:52; on Ju 5:8, 11 v. Comm.; burned (by foe) Je 19:27; 51:58; Ne 1:3; 2:3, 13, 17; as giving control, possession, of city, יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ׳ אֹיְבָיו Gn 22:17; 24:60 (J); פֶּתַח הַשּׁ׳ Ju 9:40 + (v. פ׳), דַּלְתוֹת הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 21:14 + (v. ד׳ 3); פֶּתַח־הַשּׁ׳ Ju 18:16, 17 of farm or village; so of camp Ex 32:26, 27 (J). In cities, elaborate structure, with roof 2 S 18:24, upper chamber 19:1; cf. שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם ψ 24:7, 9; write laws בִּשׁ׳ Dt 6:9 (+ עַל־מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ), 11:20 (+ id.); בְּתוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 9:18, אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 3:27; (לְ)יַד שׁ׳ as public, 1 S 4:18, + v 13 𝔊 Th We Dr al., cf. 2 S 15:2; 18:4 Pr 8:3 (‖ מְבוֹא פְתָחִים). particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) שׁ׳ אֶפְרַיִם 2 K 14:13 ‖ 2 Ch 25:23; Ne 8:16; 12:39; (2) שׁ׳ הָאַשְׁפֹּת Ne 2:13; 3:14; 12:31 = שׁ׳ הָֽשְׁפוֹת 3:13; (3) שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין Je 37:13; 38:7; Zc 14:10; (4) שׁ׳ הנַּיִא Ne 2:13; 15; 3:13 2 Ch 26:9; (5) שׁ׳ הַדָּגִים Zp 1:10; Ne 3:3; 12:39; 2 Ch 33:14; (6) שׁ׳ בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם 2 K 25:4 = Je 52:7, cf. Je 39:4; (7) שׁ׳ החרסות Je 19:2; (8) שׁ׳ הַיְשָׁנָח Ne 3:6; 12:39; (9) שׁ׳ הַמִּזְרָה 3:29; (10) שׁ׳ הַמַּטָּרָה 12:39; (11) שׁ׳ הַמּֽ֑יִם 8:1, 3, 16; (12) שׁ׳ הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָ֑ח 3:26, cf. 12:37; (13) שׁ׳ הַמִּפְקָ֑ד 3:31; (14) שׁ׳ הָעַיִן 2:14; 3:15; 12:37; (15) שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים Je 31:40; Ne 3:28 (cf. 3 b); (16) שׁ׳ הַפִּנָּה 2 K 14:13 ‖ 2 Ch 25:23 (read הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֹנֶה), Je 31:38; 2 Ch 26:9; prob. = שׁ׳ הָפִּנִּים Zc 14:10; (17) שׁ׳ הַצֹּאן Ne 3:1, 32; 12:39; (18) שׁ׳ הַרִאשׁוֹן Zc 14:10;—on sites and rel. to each other v. RS-GASmEncy. Bib. jerusalem ConderHast DB id. BuhlG. 133 ff. Bd.Pai. s. v. MurrayHd. Bk. s.v. Be-RyNe p. 182 ff. GuZPV, especially v (1882), 7 ff., viii (1885), 245 ff. Comm.ad loc. var. of Ezekiel’s holy city, שַׁעֲרִי הָעִיר Ez 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, v 31(×4) + 12 times Ez 48. gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market 2 K 7:1, 18, place of public well 2 S 23:15, 16 = 1 Ch 11:17, 18; where elders, judges, king, sat officially Dt 21:19; 22:15; Am 5:12, 15; Is 29:21; 2 S 18:24; 19:9; 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9; Gn 19:1 (J) Pr 24:7; Jb 5:4; 31:21; Ru 4:1, 11; Pr 31:23, 31, etc.; of conqueror Je 1:15; appar. = רְחוֹב שׁ׳ Gn 19:2 (J) Ne 8:16; 1 Ch 9:16 + (v. i. ר׳); Gn 34:20 (P) one came unto gate (בָּא אֶל־), so בָּאֵי שׁ׳ 23:10, 18 (P) those entering the gate, i.e. having citizens’ rights; also went out (to), יָצָא שׁ׳ Jb 29:7 (i.e., in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence כָּל־יֹצְאֵי שׁ׳ Gn 34:24(×2) (P; cf. also הוֹצִיא אֶל־ Dt 21:19; 22:15, 24); hence = body of citizens, כָּל־שׁ׳ עַמִּי Ru 3:11. hence also = city Is 14:31 (‖ עִיר), ψ 87:2, etc. specif. in Dt, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, i.e. thy cities, towns, etc., Dt 5:14 = Ex 20:10; Dt 12:12, 15, 17, 21 + 22 times Dt + 1 K 8:37 (read בְּאַחַד שׁ׳, cf. Dt 18:6; 23:17, so 𝔊; 𝔖 mod.), so ‖ 2 Ch 6:28, + (perhaps) Je 14:2 (but 15:7 Na 3:13 fig. of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי צַדִּיק Pr 14:19 (perhaps cf. Ju 18:16 1 a supr.). gate of royal castle or palace 2 K 9:31; Je 22:2, 4; Ne 2:8; Est 2:19 + 10 times Est; specif. (of king of Judah), שׁ׳ סוּר 2 K 11:6 = שׁ׳ הַיְסוֹד 2 Ch 23:5 (v. ס׳, יס׳), שׁ׳ הָרָצִים 2 K 11:19, הַשּׁ׳ אַחַר הָר׳ v 6; שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ׳ 2 Ch 23:15 (= מְבוֹא הַסּ׳ ‖ 2 K 11:16); appar. of official residence, פֶּתַח שׁ׳ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ 2 K 23:8. of temple Je 7:2(×2) 1 Ch 9:23; 16:42 + 12 times Ch, incl. שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ 2 Ch 31:2 (v. מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), cf. ψ 100:4; 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק v 19; specif. שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֹן Je 20:2, and (om. בִּנְי׳) 2 K 15:35 = 2 Ch 27:3; Ez 9:2; 2 Ch 23:20, י׳ הֶחָדָשׁ (בֵּית) שׁ׳ Je 26:10; 36:10, שׁ׳ הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֹנֶה צָפ֫וֹנָה Ez 8:3 cf. v 14, 8:5, שׁ׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ הַקַּדְמֹנִי 10:19; 11:1; שׁ׳ שַׁלֶּכֶת 1 Ch 26:16; שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 9:18. of Ezekiel’s temple and courts Ez 40:3, 6; 44:11, 17 + 67 times Ez 40–47. of court of tabern. (P), שׁ׳ הֶחָצֵר Ex 27:16; 35:17 + 6 times Ex + Nu 4:36. fig. זֶה שׁ׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 28:17 (E; ‖ בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); pl. שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֹל Is 38:10; שׁ׳־מָוֶת Jb 38:17 ψ 9:14; 107:18; שׁ׳ צַלְמָוֶת Jb 38:17.